Racial profiling is not confined to the illegal practices of targeting, questioning, and arresting minority group members by law enforcement officials because of their involvement in criminal activity; it is systemic and pervasive in private and public institutions. Other minority groups are racially profiled; however, this discussion focuses on racial profiling of African Americans. Specifically, this article provides a sociohistorical perspective of selected legislative and court decisions that promulgated racial profiling. The enforcement of these decisions was based on the degree of ethnic/racial visibility. Consequently, today's incidence of de facto racial profiling is the result of de jure practices.
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