Objective:This study examined the role of English language use in the reported frequency of musculoskeletal pain among Hispanic and non-Hispanic White youth. Method: This is a secondary data analysis using a cross-sectional sample of 12,189 Hispanic and non-Hispanic White adolescents recruited for the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Respondents were classified into three groups: (a) English-speaking non-Hispanic Whites, (b) English-speaking Hispanics, and (c) Spanish-speaking Hispanics. Results: After controlling for body mass index and demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables, Spanish-speaking Hispanics reported the least frequent musculoskeletal pain (OR = 0.415, 95% CI [0.361, 0.477]; p < .001), followed by English-speaking Hispanics (OR = 0.773, 95% CI [0.690, 0.865]; p < .001). Conclusion: The experience of musculoskeletal pain is a physiological as well as a cultural phenomenon. Implications for Practice: Health care providers should consider the role of language use in reports of pain in Hispanic and non-Hispanic White adolescents.
AlbrechtS. S.Gordon-LarsenP. (2013). Ethnic differences in body mass index trajectories from adolescence to adulthood: A focus on Hispanic and Asian subgroups in the United States. PLoS One, 8(9), e72983. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072983
2.
Bout-TabakuS.MichalskyM. P.JenkinsT. M.BaughcumA.ZellerM. H.BrandtM. L.. . . IngeT. H. (2015). Musculoskeletal pain, self-reported physical function, and quality of life in the Teen–Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) cohort. JAMA Pediatrics, 169, 552-559. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0378
3.
BradleyR. H.CorwynR. F. (2002). Socioeconomic status and child development. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 371-399. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233
4.
BuiQ.DoescherM.TakeuchiD.TaylorV. (2011). Immigration, acculturation and chronic back and neck problems among Latino-Americans. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 13, 194-201. doi:10.1007/s10903-010-9371-3
5.
ButtittaM.IliescuC.RousseauA.GuerrienA. (2014). Quality of life in overweight and obese children and adolescents: A literature review. Quality of Life Research, 23, 1117-1139. doi:10.1007/s11136-013-0568-5
6.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2002). CDC growth charts for the United States: Methods and development (Vital and Health Statistics Series 11, NO. 246). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_11/sr11_246.pdf
7.
ChanM. Y.HamamuraT.JanschewitzK. (2013). Ethnic differences in physical pain sensitivity: Role of acculturation. Pain, 154, 119-123. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2012.09.015
8.
ClarkB. K.SugiyamaT.HealyG. N.SalmonJ.DunstanD. W.OwenN. (2009). Validity and reliability of measures of television viewing time and other non-occupational sedentary behaviour of adults: A review. Obesity Reviews, 10, 7-16. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00508.x
9.
DeereK. C.ClinchJ.HollidayK.McBethJ.CrawleyE. M.SayersA.. . . TobiasJ. H. (2012). Obesity is a risk factor for musculoskeletal pain in adolescents: Findings from a population-based cohort. Pain, 153, 1932-1938. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2012.06.006
10.
EdwardsR. R.MoricM.HusfeldtB.BuvanendranA.IvankovichO. (2005). Ethnic similarities and differences in the chronic pain experience: A comparison of African American, Hispanic, and White patients. Pain Medicine, 6, 88-98. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2005.05007.x
11.
FonsecaH.SilvaA. M.MatosM. G.EstevesI.CostaP.GuerraA.Gomes-PedroJ. (2010). Validity of BMI based on self-reported weight and height in adolescents. Acta Paediatrica, 99, 83-88. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01518.x
12.
GreenC. R.AndersonK. O.BakerT. A.CampbellL. C.DeckerS.FillingimR. B.. . . VallerandA. H. (2003). The unequal burden of pain: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in pain. Pain Medicine, 4, 277-294.
13.
HardtJ.JacobsenC.GoldbergJ.NickelR.BuchwaldD. (2008). Prevalence of chronic pain in a representative sample in the United States. Pain Medicine, 9, 803-812. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2008.00425.x
HastieB. A.RileyJ. L.FillingimR. B. (2005). Ethnic differences and responses to pain in healthy young adults. Pain Medicine, 6, 61-71. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2005.05009.x
16.
HirshA. T.HollingsheadN. A.Ashburn-NardoL.KroenkeK. (2015). The interaction of patient race, provider bias, and clinical ambiguity on pain management decisions. Journal of Pain, 16, 558-568. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.03.003
17.
HollingsheadN. A.MatthiasM. S.BairM. J.HirshA. T. (2015). Impact of race and sex on pain management by medical trainees: A mixed methods pilot study of decision making and awareness of influence. Pain Medicine, 16, 280-290. doi:10.1111/pme.12506
18.
HsiehA. Y.TrippD. A.JiL. J. (2011). The influence of ethnic concordance and discordance on verbal reports and nonverbal behaviours of pain. Pain, 152, 2016-2022. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.04.023
19.
HsiehA. Y.TrippD. A.JiL. J.SullivanM. J. (2010). Comparisons of catastrophizing, pain attitudes, and cold-pressor pain experience between Chinese and European Canadian young adults. Journal of Pain, 11, 1187-1194. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2010.02.015
20.
JimenezN.DansieE.BuchwaldD.GoldbergJ. (2013). Pain among older Hispanics in the United States: Is acculturation associated with pain?Pain Medicine, 14, 1134-1139. doi:10.1111/Pme.12147
21.
JimenezN.JacksonD. L.ZhouC.AyalaN. C.EbelB. E. (2014). Postoperative pain management in children, parental English proficiency, and access to interpretation. Hospital Pediatrics, 4(1), 23-30. doi:10.1542/hpeds.2013-0031
22.
JimenezT. R. (2008). Mexican immigrant replenishment and the continuing significance of ethnicity and race. American Journal of Sociology, 113, 1527-1567.
23.
KujalaU. M.TaimelaS.ViljanenT. (1999). Leisure physical activity and various pain symptoms among adolescents. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 33, 325-328.
24.
LoganD. E.ClaarR. L.ScharffL. (2008). Social desirability response bias and self-report of psychological distress in pediatric chronic pain patients. Pain, 136, 366-372. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.07.015
25.
MarcusD. A. (2004). Obesity and the impact of chronic pain. Clinical Journal of Pain, 20, 186-191. doi:10.1097/00002508-200405000-00009
26.
MathurV. A.RichesonJ. A.PaiceJ. A.MuzykaM.ChiaoJ. Y. (2014). Racial bias in pain perception and response: Experimental examination of automatic and deliberate processes. Journal of Pain, 15, 476-484. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2014.01.488
27.
McBethJ.JonesK. (2007). Epidemiology of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology, 21, 403-425. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2007.03.003
28.
McCullaghP. (1980). Regression models for ordinal data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B (Methodological), 42, 109-142.
29.
OgdenC. L.CarrollM. D.KitB. K.FlegalK. M. (2012). Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among U.S. children and adolescents, 1999-2010. Journal of the American Medical Association, 307, 483-490. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.40
30.
PaulisW. D.SilvaS.KoesB. W.van MiddelkoopM. (2014). Overweight and obesity are associated with musculoskeletal complaints as early as childhood: A systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 15, 52-67. doi:10.1111/obr.12067
31.
PleshO.AdamsS. H.GanskyS. A. (2011). Racial/ethnic and gender prevalences in reported common pains in a national sample. Journal of Orofacial Pain, 25(1), 25-31.
32.
PleshO.AdamsS. H.GanskyS. A. (2012). Self-reported comorbid pains in severe headaches or migraines in a U.S. national sample. Headache, 52, 946-956. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02155.x
33.
PortenoyR. K.UgarteC.FullerI.HaasG. (2004). Population-based survey of pain in the United States: Differences among white, African American, and Hispanic subjects. Journal of Pain, 5, 317-328. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2004.05.005
34.
R Development Core Team. (2013). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer software]. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org/
35.
Rahim-WilliamsF. B.RileyJ. L.HerreraD.IIICampbellC. M.HastieB. A.FillingimR. B. (2007). Ethnic identity predicts experimental pain sensitivity in African Americans and Hispanics. Pain, 129, 177-184.
36.
RamerL.RichardsonJ. L.CohenM. Z.BedneyC.DanleyK. L.JudgeE. A. (1999). Multimeasure pain assessment in an ethnically diverse group of patients with cancer. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 10, 94-101.
37.
Rey-LopezJ. P.Vicente-RodriguezG.BioscaM.MorenoL. A. (2008). Sedentary behaviour and obesity development in children and adolescents. Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Disease, 18, 242-251. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2007.07.008
38.
Reyes-GibbyC. C.AdayL. A.ToddK. H.CleelandC. S.AndersonK. O. (2007). Pain in aging community-dwelling adults in the United States: Non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Hispanics. Journal of Pain, 8, 75-84. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2006.06.002
39.
RheeH.Holditch-DavisD.MilesM. S. (2005). Patterns of physical symptoms and relationships with psychosocial factors in adolescents. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67, 1006-1012. doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000188404.02876.8b
SalantT.LauderdaleD. S. (2003). Measuring culture: A critical review of acculturation and health in Asian immigrant populations. Social Science & Medicine, 57, 71-90.
42.
StalsbergR.PedersenA. V. (2010). Effects of socioeconomic status on the physical activity in adolescents: A systematic review of the evidence. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20, 368-383. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01047.x
43.
StovitzS. D.PardeeP. E.VazquezG.DuvalS.SchwimmerJ. B. (2008). Musculoskeletal pain in obese children and adolescents. Acta Paediatrica, 97, 489-493. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00724.x
44.
TaverasE. M.GillmanM. W.KleinmanK. P.Rich-EdwardsJ. W.Rifas-ShimanS. L. (2013). Reducing racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity: The role of early life risk factors. JAMA Pediatrics, 167, 731-738. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.85
45.
ThomsonM. D.Hoffman-GoetzL. (2009). Defining and measuring acculturation: A systematic review of public health studies with Hispanic populations in the United States. Social Science & Medicine, 69, 983-991. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.011
46.
WallaceP. M.PomeryE. A.LatimerA. E.MartinezJ. L.SaloveyP. (2010). A review of acculturation measures and their utility in studies promoting Latino health. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 32, 37-54.
47.
WandnerL. D.ScipioC. D.HirshA. T.TorresC. A.RobinsonM. E. (2012). The perception of pain in others: How gender, race, and age influence pain expectations. Journal of Pain, 13, 220-227. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2011.10.014
48.
WearingS. C.HennigE. M.ByrneN. M.SteeleJ. R.HillsA. P. (2006). Musculoskeletal disorders associated with obesity: A biomechanical perspective. Obesity Reviews, 7, 239-250. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2006.00251.x
49.
WilsonA. C.SamuelsonB.PalermoT. M. (2010). Obesity in children and adolescents with chronic pain: Associations with pain and activity limitations. Clinical Journal of Pain, 26, 705-711.
50.
ZanuttoE.GelmanA. (2001). Analysis of large-scale social survey. In SmelserN. J.BaltesP. B. (Eds.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (pp. 8386-8392). Oxford, England: Pergamon.
51.
ZouK. H.O’MalleyA. J.MauriL. (2007). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis for evaluating diagnostic tests and predictive models. Circulation, 115, 654-657. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.594929
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
