Clonal IgG lambda plasmacytoma with Mott cell differentiation causing marked pleural effusion in a dog

Abstract

Canine extramedullary plasmacytomas are typically benign tumors of the skin, oral cavity, and alimentary tract that are cured by surgical excision. This tumor is rarely metastatic and aggressive. We report an unusual plasmacytoma in a dog that had been presented because of dyspnea. Aside from evidence of pleural effusion, no cutaneous lesions or other abnormalities were detected on physical examination. Nearly 2 L of pleural fluid were removed by thoracocentesis, and a sample was submitted for cytologic examination. The pleural fluid had increased protein and cell concentrations, with a predominance of individualized, large, round, atypical cells. Those cells frequently had Russell body–like intracytoplasmic structures, as seen on microscopic examination of modified Wright-stained concentrated slide preparations. Together, these findings were strongly supportive of a neoplastic plasma cell exudate. Immunohistochemical (CD3, CD20, MUM1, IgG, λ light chain) staining and B-cell PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement analysis performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pleural cell-pellet sections confirmed a novel, clonal, IgG lambda extramedullary plasmacytoma with Mott cell differentiation that was most likely metastatic from a non-cutaneous primary site. Metastatic plasma cell neoplasia with voluminous serous cavity effusion carries a grave prognosis in humans, but has not been reported previously in dogs, to our knowledge.