Free accessResearch articleFirst published online 2011-11
Is There Any Difference in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Performance According to Different Instructional Models of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Education for Junior and Senior High School Students?
This study aims to determine whether or not cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills differ according to different instructional models for CPR education and training for junior and senior high school students.
Methods
This was a prospective and randomised study including 519 junior and senior high school students. After the lecture on CPR, students practiced the skill on the manikin. Group 1 used model 1 and Group 2 used model 2 for practical training and practical skills and CPR performance quality were evaluated.
Results
Data from skill tests were analysed in 229 students in group 1 and 210 students in group 2. The total score of sequence skill tests was 17.8±2.0 points. During 2 cycles, no chest elevation was observed in 33.3% and was significantly lower in group 1. There were no significant differences in the frequency of proper ventilation and in ventilation volume between the 2 groups. Excessive ventilation was more frequently observed in group 1 and insufficient ventilation was observed more frequently in group 2. The percentage of the frequency of a proper chest compression rate was 80.5±31.2% and there were no significant differences in proper and insufficient depths, mean rate and recoil of the chest in chest compression between the 2 groups.
Conclusions
There were differences in CPR skills according to different CPR training manikins. Therefore, certain conditions seem to be considered in selection of instructional models for CPR psychomotor skills. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2011;18:375-382)
CumminsR.O., EisenbergM.S.Prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation; is it effective?JAMA1985; 253(16): 2408–12.
2.
CumminsR.O., OrnatoJ.P., ThiesW.H., PepeP.E.Improving survival from sudden cardiac arrest: the “chain of survival” concept. A statement for health professionals from the Advanced Cardiac Life Support Subcommittee and the Emergency Cardiac Care Committee, American Heart Association. Circulation1991; 83(5): 1832–47.
3.
EisenbergM.S., HorwoodB.T., CumminsR.O., Reynolds-HaertleR., HearneT.R.Cardiac arrest and resuscitation: a tale of 29 cities. Ann Emerg Med1990; 19(2): 179–86.
4.
Kramer-JohansenJ., MyklebustH., WikL., FellowsB., SvenssonL., SoreboH.Quality of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation with real time automated feedback: prospective interventional study. Resuscitation2006; 71(3): 283–92.
5.
European Resuscitation Council.Guidelines for basic life support. A statement by the Basic Life Support Working Party of the European Resuscitation Council, 1992. Resuscitation1992; 24(2): 103–10.
6.
International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation.2005 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Part 1: Introduction. Resuscitation2005; 67(2-3): 181–6.
7.
ChamberlainD.A., HazinskiM.F.; European Resuscitation Council; American Heart Association; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada; Australia and New Zealand Resuscitation Council; Resuscitation Council of Southern Africa; Consejo Latino-Americano de Resuscitation. Education in resuscitation. Resuscitation2003; 59(1): 11–43.
8.
International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation.2005 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Part 2: Adult basic life support. Resuscitation2005; 67(2-3): 187–201.
9.
ChoB.J.Analysis of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in public middle school. J Sport Leisure Studies2006; 28(0): 93–8.
10.
RoppoloL.P., SaundersT., PepeP.E., IdrisA.H.Layperson training for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: when less is better. Curr Opin Crit Care2007; 13(3): 256–60.
11.
RiegelB., NafzigerS.D., McBurnieM.A., PowellJ., LedinghamR., SehraR.; P.A.D. Trial Investigators. How well are cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator skills retained over time? Results from the Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) Trial. Acad Emerg Med2006; 13(3): 254–63.
12.
BrennanR.T., BraslowA.Skill mastery in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training classes. Am J Emerg Med1995; 13(5): 505–8.
13.
RoppoloL.P., PepeP.E., CampbellL., OhmanK., KulkarniH., MillerR.Prospective, randomized trial of the effectiveness and retention of 30-min layperson training for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillators: The American Airlines Study. Resuscitation2007; 74(2): 276–85.
14.
WikL., BrennanR.T., BraslowA.A peer-training model for instruction of basic cardiac life support. Resuscitation1995; 29(2): 119–28.
15.
LynchB., EinspruchE.L., NicholG., BeckerL.B., AufderheideT.P., IdrisA.Effectiveness of a 30-minute CPR self-instruction program for lay responders: a controlled randomized study. Resuscitation2005; 67(1): 31–43.
16.
BatchellerA.M., BrennanR.T., BraslowA., UrrutiaA., KayeW.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance of subjects over forty is better following half-hour video self-instruction compared to traditional four-hour classroom training. Resuscitation2000; 43(2): 101–10.
17.
BraslowA., BrennanR.T., NewmanM.M., BircherN.G., BatchellerA.M., KayeW.CPR training without an instructor: development and evaluation of a video self-instructional system for effective performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation1997; 34(3): 207–20.
18.
ToddK.H., HeronS.L., ThompsonM., DennisR., O'ConnorJ., KellermannA.L.Simple CPR: A randomized, controlled trial of video self-instructional cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in an African American church congregation. Ann Emerg Med1999; 34(3): 730–7.
19.
StarrL.M.An effective CPR home learning system: a program evaluation. AAOHN J1998; 46(6): 289–95.
20.
BoyleA.J., WilsonA.M., ConnellyK., McGuiganL., WilsonJ., WhitbournR.Improvement in timing and effectiveness of external cardiac compressions with a new non-invasive device: the CPR-Ezy. Resuscitation2002; 54(1): 63–7.
21.
WikL., MyklebustH., AuestadB.H., SteenP.A.Retention of basic life support skills 6 months after training with an automated voice advisory manikin system without instructor involvement. Resuscitation2002; 52(3): 273–9.
22.
SafarP., BerkebileP., ScottM.A., EspositoG., MedsqerA., RicciE.Education research on life-supporting first aid (LSFA) and CPR self-training systems (STS). Crit Care Med1981; 9(5): 403–4.
23.
EisenburgerP., SafarP.Life supporting first aid training of the public-review and recommendations. Resuscitation1999; 41(1): 3–18.
24.
LesterC.A., WestonC.F., DonnellyP.D., AssarD., MorganM.J.The need for wider dissemination of CPR skills: are schools the answer?Resuscitation1994; 28(3): 233–7.
25.
TonerP., ConnollyM., LavertyL., McGrathP., ConnollyD., McCluskeyD.R.Teaching basic life support to school children using medical students and teachers in a ‘peer-training’ model-results of the ‘ABC for life’ programme. Resuscitation2007; 75(1): 169–75.
26.
RosafioT., CichellaC., VetrugnoL., BalloneE., OrlandiP., ScesiM.Chain of survival: differences in early access and early CPR between policemen and high-school students. Resuscitation2001; 49(1): 25–31.
SherifC., ErdösJ., SohmM., SchonbauerR., RabitschW., SchusterE.Effectiveness of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation performed by young adolescents on a mannequin. Am J Emerg Med2005; 23(1): 51–4.
29.
JänttiH., SilfvastT., TurpeinenA., KiviniemiV., UusaroA.Influence of chest compression rate guidance on the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed on manikins. Resuscitation2009; 80(4): 453–7.
30.
DineC.J., GershR.E., LearyM., RiegelB.J., BelliniL.M., AbellaB.S.Improving cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality and resuscitation training by combining audiovisual feedback and debriefing. Crit Care Med2008; 36(10): 2817–22.
