The greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) affects the environment drastically. Nowadays, the reduction of the CO2 level from the environment is a challenging task for researchers. Solar light-driven CO2 reduction via artificial photocatalysis is an auspicious method for achieving carbon neutrality. In the last few decades, a lot of research work has been done for photocatalytic CO2 reduction via photo-electrochemical and electrochemical methods. Herein, we summarise the recent advances in photocatalyst-biocatalyst coupled artificial photosynthetic systems for CO2 reduction and solar chemical production. In addition, we provide the application of produced solar chemicals for future perspectives. This study provides a clear background for the future progression of highly efficient CO2 reduction in an eco-friendly manner.
SodiqAAbdullatifYAissaB, et al.A review of progress made in direct air capture of CO2. Environ Technol Innovation2023; 29: 102991.
2.
KotheTPlumeréNBaduraA, et al.Combination of a photosystem 1-based photocathode and a photosystem 2-based photoanode to a z-scheme mimic for photovoltaic applications. Angew Chem- Int Ed2013; 52: 14233–14236.
3.
WangQDomenK. Particulate photocatalysts for light-driven water splitting: mechanisms, challenges, and design strategies. Chem Rev2020; 120: 919–985.
4.
ChaubeySSinghPSinghC, et al.Ultra-efficient synthesis of bamboo-shape porphyrin framework for photocatalytic CO2 reduction and consecutive C-S/C-N bonds formation. J CO2 Util2022; 410: 84–94.
5.
PellegrinYOdobelF. Les donneurs d’électron sacrificiels pour la production de combustible solaire. CR Chim2017; 20: 283–295.
6.
LiXBXinZKXiaSG, et al.Semiconductor nanocrystals for small molecule activation: via artificial photosynthesis. Chem Soc Rev2020; 49: 9028–9056.
7.
ChaubeySSinghPSinghC, et al.Self-assembled protein/carbon nitride/Sulfur hydrogel photocatalyst for highly selective solar chemical production. Mater Lett2020; 259: 126752.
8.
ChaubeySSinghCSinghP, et al.Efficient photocatalytic synthesis of L-glutamate using a self-assembled carbon nitride/Sulfur/porphyrin catalyst. Environ Chem Lett2020; 18: 1389–1395.
9.
YadavRKLeeJ-OKumarA, et al.Highly improved solar energy harvesting for fuel production from CO2 by a newly designed graphene film photocatalyst. Sci Rep2018; 8 : 16741.
10.
ChaubeySYadavRKTripathiSK, et al.Covalent triazine framework as an efficient photocatalyst for regeneration of NAD(P)H and selective oxidation of organic sulfide. Photochem Photobiol2022; 98: 150–159.
11.
ChaubeySSinghCSinghP, et al.Solar light-assisted rod-shaped CPTF@FACC photocatalyst: an efficient platform for oxygenation reactions and coenzymes regeneration. Int J Energy Res2022; 46: 16643–16657.
12.
LeeSHNamDHKimJH, et al.Eosin Y-sensitized artificial photosynthesis by highly efficient visible-light-driven regeneration of nicotinamide cofactor. ChemBioChem2009; 10: 1621–1624.
13.
NguyenVNguyenBJinZ, et al.Towards artificial photosynthesis: sustainable hydrogen utilization for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to high-value renewable fuels. Chem Eng J2020; 402: 126184.
14.
Al JitanSPalmisanoGGarlisiC. Synthesis and surface modification of TiO2-based photocatalysts for the conversion of CO2. Catalysts2020; 10: 227.
15.
WangAWangCFuL, et al.Recent advances of graphitic carbon nitride-based structures and applications in catalyst, sensing, imaging, and LEDs. Nano-Micro Lett2017; 9: 47.
16.
GongYLiMWangY. Carbon nitride in energy conversion and storage: recent advances and future prospects. ChemSusChem2015; 8: 931–946.
Ahmed AliKAhmadMIYusupY. Issues, impacts, and mitigations of carbon dioxide emissions in the building sector. MDPI2020; 12: 7427.
19.
MikulčićHKlemešJJVujanovićM, et al.Reducing greenhouse gases emissions by fostering the deployment of alternative raw materials and energy sources in the cleaner cement manufacturing process. J Cleaner Prod2016; 136: 119–132.
20.
GaoTShenLShenM, et al.Evolution and projection of CO2 emissions for China's cement industry from 1980 to 2020. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev2017; 74: 522–537.
21.
SinghPSrivastavaR. Utilization of bio-inspired catalyst for CO2 reduction into green fuels: recent advancement and future perspectives. J CO2 Util2021; 53: 101748.
22.
LingampalliSRAyyubMMRaoCNR. Recent progress in the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. ACS Omega2017; 2: 2740–2748.
23.
MachadoTFSerraMEMurtinhoD, et al.Covalent organic frameworks: synthesis, properties and applications—an overview. Polymers2021; 13: 970.
24.
SongYSunQAguilaB, et al.Opportunities of covalent organic frameworks for advanced applications. Adv Sci2018; 6: 1801410.
25.
WangGBLiSYanCX, et al.Covalent organic frameworks: emerging high-performance platforms for efficient photocatalytic applications. J Mater Chem A2020; 8: 6957–6983.
26.
YadavRKKumarAParkNJ, et al.A highly efficient covalent organic framework film photocatalyst for selective solar fuel production from CO2. J Mater Chem A2016; 4: 9413–9418.
27.
FuYZhuXHuangL, et al.Azine-based covalent organic frameworks as metal-free visible light photocatalysts for CO2 reduction with H2O. Appl Catal B: Environ2018; 239: 46–51.
28.
KuhnPAntoniettiMThomasA. Porous, covalent triazine-based frameworks prepared by ionothermal synthesis. Angew Chem - Int Ed2008; 47: 3450–3453.
29.
XuRWangXSZhaoH, et al.Rhenium-modified porous covalent triazine framework for highly efficient photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction in a solid-gas system. Catal Sci Technol2018; 8: 2224–2230.
30.
TakedaHKoikeKInoueH, et al.Development of an efficient photocatalytic system for CO2 reduction using rhenium(I) complexes based on mechanistic studies. J Am Chem Soc2008; 130: 2023–2031.
31.
YangSHuWZhangX, et al.2D Covalent organic frameworks as intrinsic photocatalysts for visible light-driven CO2 reduction. J Am Chem Soc2018; 140: 14614–14618.
32.
FuZWangXGardnerAM, et al.A stable covalent organic framework for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction. Chem Sci2020; 11: 543–550.
33.
WangLHuangGZhangL, et al.Construction of TiO2-covalent organic framework Z-scheme hybrid through coordination bond for photocatalytic CO2 conversion. J Energy Chem2022; 64: 85–92.
34.
ZhongWSaRLiL, et al.A covalent organic framework bearing single Ni sites as a synergistic photocatalyst for selective photoreduction of CO2 to CO. J Am Chem Soc2019; 141: 7615–7621.
35.
LuMLiQLiuJ, et al.Installing earth-abundant metal active centres to covalent organic frameworks for efficient heterogeneous photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Appl Catal B: Environ2019; 254: 624–633.
36.
Ananda MurthyHCGhotekarSKumarBV, et al.[Retracted] graphene: a multifunctional nanomaterial with versatile applications. Adv Mater Sci Eng2020; 2021: 2418149.
37.
HuangXQiXBoeyF, et al.Graphene-based composites. Chem Soc Rev2012; 41: 666–686.
38.
LiangYTVijayanBKGrayKA, et al.Minimizing graphene defects enhances titania nanocomposite-based photocatalytic reduction of CO2 for improved solar fuel production. Nano Lett2011; 11: 2865–2870.
39.
LowJYuJHoW. Graphene-Based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction to solar fuel. J Phys Chem Lett2015; 6: 4244–4251.
40.
YuJJinJChengB, et al.A noble metal-free reduced graphene oxide-cds nanorod composite for the enhanced visible-light photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to solar fuel. J Mater Chem A2014; 2: 3407–3416.
41.
TuWZhouYLiuQ, et al.An in situ simultaneous reduction-hydrolysis technique for fabrication of TiO2-graphene 2D sandwich-like hybrid nanosheets: graphene-promoted selectivity of photocatalytic-driven hydrogenation and coupling of CO2 into methane and ethane. Adv Funct Mater2013; 23: 1743–1749.
42.
YadavRKBaegJOKumarA, et al.Graphene-BODIPY as a photocatalyst in the photocatalytic-biocatalytic coupled system for solar fuel production from CO2. J Mater Chem A2014; 2: 5068–5076.
43.
LiXWangQZhaoY, et al.Green synthesis and photo-catalytic performances for ZnO-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites. J Colloid Interface Sci2013; 411: 69–75.
44.
ShownIHsuHCChangYC, et al.Highly efficient visible light photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to hydrocarbon fuels by Cu-nanoparticle decorated graphene oxide. Nano Lett2014; 14: 6097–6103.
45.
HossenMAKhatunFIkreedeeghRR, et al.Enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CH4 using novel ternary photocatalyst RGO/Au-TNTAs. Energies2022; 16: 5404.
46.
MateoDAlberoJGarcíaH. Graphene-supported NiO/Ni nanoparticles as an efficient photocatalyst for gas phase CO2 reduction with hydrogen. Appl Catal B: Environ2018; 224: 563–571.
47.
WangQTaoLJiangX, et al.Graphene oxide wrapped CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite quantum dots hybrid for photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction in organic solvents. Appl Surf Sci2019; 465: 607–613.
48.
BiswasMRUDAliAChoKY, et al.Novel synthesis of WSe2-Graphene-TiO2 ternary nanocomposite via ultrasonic technics for high photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into CH3OH. Ultrason Sonochem2018; 42: 738–746.
49.
IdrisAOOsegheEOMsagatiTAM, et al.Graphitic carbon nitride: a highly electroactive nanomaterial for environmental and clinical sensing. Sensors2020; 20: 1–28.
50.
HumayunMUllahHTahirAA, et al.An overview of the recent progress in polymeric carbon nitride based photocatalysis. Chem Rec2021; 21: 1811–1844.
51.
LiMZhangLWuM, et al.Mesostructured CeO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites: remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction by mutual component activations. Nano Energy2016; 19: 145–155.
52.
QinHGuoRTLiuXY, et al.Z-Scheme MoS2/g-C3N4 heterojunction for efficient visible light photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Dalton Trans2018; 47: 15155–15163.
53.
RaziqFQuYHumayunM, et al.Synthesis of SnO2/B-P codoped g- C3N4 nanocomposites as efficient cocatalyst-free visible-light photocatalysts for CO2 conversion and pollutant degradation. Appl Catal B: Environ2017; 201: 486–494.
54.
ZhouSLiuYLiJ, et al.Facile in situ synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-N-TiO2 heterojunction as an efficient photocatalyst for the selective photoreduction of CO2 to CO. Appl Catal B: Environ2014; 158-159: 20–29.
55.
WangKLiQLiuB, et al.Sulfur-doped g-C3N4 with enhanced photocatalytic CO2-reduction performance. Appl Catal B: Environ2015; 176-177: 44–52.
56.
GuoHWanSWangY, et al.Enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction over direct Z-scheme NiTiO3/g-C3N4 nanocomposite promoted by efficient interfacial charge transfer. Chem Eng J2021; 412: 128646.
57.
HanXLiMMaY, et al.Thermal coupled photocatalysis to enhance CO2 reduction activities on Ag loaded g-C3N4 catalysts. Surf Interfaces2021; 23: 101006.
58.
DuanBMeiL. A Z-scheme Fe2O3/g-C3N4 heterojunction for carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon fuel under visible illuminance. J Colloid Interface Sci2020; 575: 265–273.
