Acid fast rods, constituting chemoautotrophic nocardioform bacteria, could be repeatedly cultivated and isolated and propagated indefinitely in vitro from fish actinomycotic macrophage granuloma from the massive epizootics of ulcerative disease syndrome of fish in eastern India during 1988-90. The possible human hazards of zoonotic actinomycotic infections as a result of handling and consumption of such fish are assessed.
1. Anon: Report of the Expert Consultation on Ulcerative Fish Disease in the Asia-Pacific Region (TCP/RAS/4508 Project), Bangkok, Thailand, 5-9 August, 1986.
2.
2. Tonguthai K: A preliminary account of ulcerative fish diseases in Indo-Pacific region – a comprehensive study based on Thai experiences (FAO/TCP/RAS/4508), 1985, Bangkok.
3.
3. Dastidar SG, Charkrabarty AN: Epizootic and environmental factors in epizootic ulcerative syndrome of fish in eastern India. Paper presented at National Workshop on ulcerative disease syndrome in fish, Calcutta6-7 March, 1990.
4.
4. Chakrabarty. AN, Dastidar SG: Repeated isolation (CAN) organisms epizootic ulcerative syndrome of fish in eastern India. Paper presented at National Workshop on ulcerative disease syndrome in fish, Calcutta6-7 March, 1990.
5.
5. Chattopadhyay UK, Pal D, Das MS, Das S, Pal RN: Micro-biological investigations into epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) in fishes. Paper presented at National Workshop on ulcerative disease syndrome in fish, Calcutta, 6-7 March, 1990.
6.
6. Das MK, Pal RN, Ghosh AK, Das RK, Joshi HC, Mukhopadhyay MK, Hazra A: Epizootic ulcerative syndrome – a comparative account. Paper presented at National Workshop on ulcerative disease syndrome in fish, Calcutta, 6-7 March, 1990.
7.
7. Saha D, Mahpatra BK, Datta NC: Recent occurrence of epizootic ulcerative disease in fishes of Sundarbans, West Bengal with a note on its prevention. Paper presented at National Workshop on ulcerative disease syndrome in fish, Calcutta, 6-7 March, 1990.
8.
8. Chakrabarty AN, Das S, Dastidar SG: Isolation of a Nocardia-like chemoautotrophs from clinically proven multibacillary cases of leprosy. Indian J Exp Biol1986; 663–665.
9.
9. Chakrabarty AN, Das S, Dastidar SG: In vitro cultivation of an acid-fast nocardioform chemoautotroph from mouse footpad passaged strain of leprosy bacillus.Indian J Exp Biol1987; 25: 302–304.
10.
10. Dastidar SG, Das S, Chakrabarty AN: In vitro cultivation of a chemoautotrophic nocardioform bacterium from armadillo tissue infected with leprosy bacillus.Indian J Exp Biol1987; 25: 427–428.
11.
11. Chakrabarty AN, Dastidar SG, Das S, Chaudhury SK: Repeated isolation of nocardia-like organisms from multibacillary cases of leprosy.Indian J Lepr1987; 59: 247–262.
12.
12. Cowan ST: Cowan and Steel's Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria, 2nd ed. London: Cambridge University Press,1974.
13.
13. Dastidar SG, Chakrabarty AN: Cultivation of a nocardioform acid-fast chemoautotrophic bacterium from armadillo tissues infected withMycobacterium leprae, Indian J. Med Res1990; 91A: 98–105.
14.
14. Chakrabarty AN, Dastidar SG: Reported in vivo structures found in LL cases correlate with the morphological entities of in vitro cultures.Indian J Lepr1990; 62: 223–225.
15.
15. Chakrabarty AN, Dastidar SG: Cultivation in vitro of acid-fast nocardioform chemoautotrophic bacteria from mouse foot-pads infected with human strains of leprosy bacillus.Indian J Lepr1990; 62: 169–179.
16.
16. Rogosa M, Cummings CS, Lelliott RA, Keddie RM: In: Buchanan RE, Gibbors NE, eds. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology,Baltimore: William and Wilkins Co.,1974, 601.
17.
17. Lechavalier HA: Nocardioform. In: Sneath PHA, Mair NS, Sharpe ME, Holt JG, eds. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 2. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins,1968, 1456–1471.
20. Trush TJ: Pathogens of infectious diseases in fish.Ann Rev Microbiol1986; 40: 479–502.
21.
21. Fijan N: Infectious dropsy in carp–disease complex, TFH publications1972; Neptura, New Jersy, USA, p. 105–1115.
22.
22. Pal J, Pradhan K: Ulcerative fish disease: involvement of bacteria. Paper presented at National Workshop on ulcerative disease syndrome in fish, Calcutta, 6-7 March, 1990.
23.
23. Chaudhury S: Transmission of M.leprae in fish. Paper presented at National Workshop on ulcerative disease syndrome in fish, Calcutta, 6-7 March, 1990.
24.
24. Gormus BJ, Wolf RH, Baskin GB, Ohkawa S, Gerone PJ, Walsh GP, Meyers WM, Binford CH, Greer WE: A second sooty mangabey monkey with naturally acquired leprosy: First reported possible monkey-to-monkey transmission.Int J Lepr1988; 56: 61–65.
25.
25. Job CK, Harris EB, Allen JL, Hastings RC: A random survey of leprosy in wild, nine-banded armadillos: In Louisiana.Int J Lepr1986; 54: 453–457.
27. Truman RW, Shannon EJ, Hagstad HV, Hugh-Jones ME, Wolff A, Hastings RC: Evaluation of the origin of M.leprae in the nine-banded armadillo.Am J Trop Med Hyg1986; 35: 588–593.
28.
28. Stefansky W: Eine lepra-ahnliche Erkranking der Haut Und der Lymphdrusen bei Wanderratten.Zentralblatt Bact1903; 22: 481–487.
29.
29. Lowe J: Rat leprosy. A critical review of literature. Int J Lepr1937; 3:313, 318, 471.
30.
30. Walker EL, Sweeney M: Culture of lepra bacillus from filtrates from bacterial filters. J Int Dis1935; 57: 97.
31.
31. Ohtahara T, Ichihara T: Studien der Lepra. I. Mitteilung Statistische Betrachtung der Rattenlepra.Zentralbl Bact.1932; 123: 495–503.
32.
32. Mori T, Kohsaka K: Identification of cat leprosy bacillus grown in mice.Int J Lepr1986; 54: 584–595.
33.
33. Neil MA, Hightower AW, Broome CV: Leprosy in the United States.J Infect Dis1985; 152: 1064–1069.
34.
34. Blake LA, West BC, Lary CH, Todd JR: Environmental non-human sources, of leprosy.Rev Infect Dis1987; 9: 562–577.
35.
35. Kazda J, Ganapati R, Revankar C, Buchanan TW, Young DB, Irgens LM: Isolation of environment derived Mycobacterium leprae from soil in Bombay. Leprosy Rev1986; 57 (Suppl 3):201–203.
36.
36. Chakrabarty AN, Dastidar SG: Correlation between occurrence of leprosy and fossil fuels: Role of fossil fuel bacteria in the origin and global epidemiology of Leprosy;Indian J Exp Biol1989; 27: 483–496.
37.
37. Chakrabarty AK, Saha KC: Arsenical dermatitis from tubewell water in West Bengal.Indian J Med Res1987; 85: 326–334.
