At the request of Sage and the Journal Editor, the following article has been retracted:
Yuan R, Wu C. YTHDF1-mediated sphingosine kinase 2 upregulation alleviates bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity via the PI3K/AKT axis. Human & Experimental Toxicology. 2024; 43. https://doi.org/10.1177/09603271231218707.
During an internal review, it was noted this study did not have a statement of ethical approval. Despite multiple attempts at contacting the authors requesting ethical approval documentation, no response was received.
Due to our inability to verify if this research complied with ethical guidelines of the use of animals in research, this article has been retracted.
The authors did not respond when notified of this retraction.
References
1.
TsuchiyaHMizogamiM. Discrimination of stereoisomers by their enantioselective interactions with chiral cholesterol-containing membranes. Molecules2017; 23: 49. DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010049.
2.
YooHParkJSOhSS, et al.Osmotically balanced, large unilamellar liposomes that enable sustained bupivacaine release for prolonged pain relief in in vivo rat models. Sci Rep2021; 11: 12096. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91624-2.
3.
MogaFXLo GalboMDOvermanDM, et al.Post-cardiotomy parasternal nerve block with bupivacaine may be associated with reduced post-operative opioid use in children: a retrospective cohort study. Children2020; 7: 20. DOI: 10.3390/children7030020.
4.
PortilloJKamarNMelibaryS, et al.Safety of liposome extended-release bupivacaine for postoperative pain control. Front Pharmacol2014; 5: 90. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00090.
5.
LiuBJiJFengQ, et al.Monosialoganglioside protects against bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats. Drug Des Dev Ther2019; 13: 707–718. DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S192225.
6.
BertaTQadriYTanPH, et al.Targeting dorsal root ganglia and primary sensory neurons for the treatment of chronic pain. Expert Opin Ther Targets2017; 21: 695–703. DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1328057.
7.
MaddenJFDavisOCBoyleKA, et al.Functional and molecular analysis of proprioceptive sensory neuron excitability in mice. Front Mol Neurosci2020; 13: 36. DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00036.
8.
AnKElkassabanyNMLiuJ. Dexamethasone as adjuvant to bupivacaine prolongs the duration of thermal antinociception and prevents bupivacaine-induced rebound hyperalgesia via regional mechanism in a mouse sciatic nerve block model. PLoS One2015; 10: e0123459. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123459.
9.
ChenLWangXHuangW, et al.MicroRNA-137 and its downstream target LSD1 inversely regulate anesthetics-induced neurotoxicity in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Brain Res Bull2017; 135: 1–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.09.004.
10.
MirkheshtiAShakeriAMemaryE, et al.Maternal sciatic nerve administered bupivacaine induces hippocampal cell apoptosis in offspring. BMC Anesthesiol2020; 20: 228. DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-01143-2.
11.
RenXSuC. Sphingosine kinase 1 contributes to doxorubicin resistance and glycolysis in osteosarcoma. Mol Med Rep2020; 22: 2183–2190. DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11295.
12.
BakerDAEudalyJSmithCD, et al.Impact of sphingosine kinase 2 deficiency on the development of TNF-alpha-induced inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatol Int2013; 33: 2677–2681. DOI: 10.1007/s00296-012-2493-2.
13.
DiGWangZWangW, et al.AntagomiR-613 protects neuronal cells from oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation via increasing SphK2 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun2017; 493: 188–194. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.049.
14.
ZhangRLiLYuanL, et al.Hypoxic preconditioning protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cell apoptosis via sphingosine kinase 2 and FAK/AKT pathway. Exp Mol Pathol2016; 100: 51–58. DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.11.025.
15.
YungLMWeiYQinT, et al.Sphingosine kinase 2 mediates cerebral preconditioning and protects the mouse brain against ischemic injury. Stroke2012; 43: 199–204. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.626911.
16.
NovgorodovSARileyCLYuJ, et al.Essential roles of neutral ceramidase and sphingosine in mitochondrial dysfunction due to traumatic brain injury. J Biol Chem2014; 289: 13142–13154. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M113.530311.
17.
SivasubramanianMKanagarajNDheenST, et al.Sphingosine kinase 2 and sphingosine-1-phosphate promotes mitochondrial function in dopaminergic neurons of mouse model of Parkinson's disease and in MPP+ -treated MN9D cells in vitro. Neuroscience2015; 290: 636–648. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.032.
18.
QiYYHengXYaoZY, et al.Involvement of huanglian Jiedu Decoction on microglia with abnormal sphingolipid metabolism in alzheimer's disease. Drug Des Dev Ther2022; 16: 931–950. DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S357061.
19.
CuiCXuGQiuJ, et al.Up-regulation of miR-26a promotes neurite outgrowth and ameliorates apoptosis by inhibiting PTEN in bupivacaine injured mouse dorsal root ganglia. Cell Biol Int2015; 39: 933–942. DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10461.
20.
YuningFLiangCTenghuanW, et al.Knockdown of lincRNA PADNA promotes bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity by miR-194/FBXW7 axis. Mol Med2020; 26: 79. DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00209-8.
21.
LirkPHallerIColvinHP, et al.In vitro, inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways protects against bupivacaine- and ropivacaine-induced neurotoxicity. Anesth Analg2008; 106: 1456–1464. DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318168514b.
22.
YinYMaMChangJ, et al.LncRNA OIP5-AS1 mitigates bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity in dorsal root ganglion neurons through regulating NFAT5 expression via sponging miR-34b. Neurotox Res2022; 40: 2253–2263. DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00567-7.
23.
HuoFCZhuZMZhuWT, et al.METTL3-mediated m(6)A methylation of SPHK2 promotes gastric cancer progression by targeting KLF2. Oncogene2021; 40: 2968–2981. DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01753-1.
24.
ZhangLChengYXueZ, et al.Sevoflurane impairs m6A-mediated mRNA translation and leads to fine motor and cognitive deficits. Cell Biol Toxicol2022; 38: 347–369. DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09601-4.
25.
ChuJHGaoZHQuXJ. Down-regulation of sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) increases the effects of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on colon cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother2014; 68: 1089–1097. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.10.001.
26.
ZhengJChenJWuG, et al.Inhibiting EZH2 rescued bupivacaine-induced neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord dorsal root ganglia in mice. J Anesth2018; 32: 524–530. DOI: 10.1007/s00540-018-2506-8.
27.
Diaz EscarcegaRMcCulloughLDTsvetkovAS. The functional role of sphingosine kinase 2. Front Mol Biosci2021; 8: 683767. DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.683767.
28.
HaitNCWiseLEAllegoodJC, et al.Active, phosphorylated fingolimod inhibits histone deacetylases and facilitates fear extinction memory. Nat Neurosci2014; 17: 971–980. DOI: 10.1038/nn.3728.
29.
SongHMcEwenHPDuncanT, et al.Sphingosine kinase 2 is essential for remyelination following cuprizone intoxication. Glia2021; 69: 2863–2881. DOI: 10.1002/glia.24074.
30.
ShiHZhangXWengYL, et al.m(6)A facilitates hippocampus-dependent learning and memory through YTHDF1. Nature2018; 563: 249–253. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0666-1.
31.
YuJSheYYangL, et al.The m(6) A readers YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 synergistically control cerebellar parallel fiber growth by regulating local translation of the key Wnt5a signaling components in axons. Adv Sci2021; 8: e2101329. DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101329.
32.
ShuLHuangXChengX, et al.Emerging roles of N6-methyladenosine modification in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. Cells2021; 10: 2694. DOI: 10.3390/cells10102694.
33.
LiMZhongXZhaoZ, et al.The expression of m6A enzymes in the hippocampus of diabetic cognitive impairment mice and the possible improvement of YTHDF1. Brain Res2022; 1777: 147766. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147766.
34.
XuCHuangHZhangM, et al.Methyltransferase-like 3 rescues the amyloid-beta protein-induced reduction of activity-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein expression via YTHDF1-dependent N6-methyladenosine modification. Front Aging Neurosci2022; 14: 890134. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.890134.
35.
ZhaoWZengLLuoJ, et al.The DNA repair enzyme XPD is partially regulated by PI3K/AKT signaling in the context of bupivacaine-mediated neuronal DNA damage. Oxid Med Cell Longev2021; 2021: 9925647. DOI: 10.1155/2021/9925647.
36.
WangXZhangXChengY, et al.Alpha-lipoic acid prevents bupivacaine-induced neuron injury in vitro through a PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanism. Neurotoxicology2010; 31: 101–112. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2009.10.010.
37.
WangZShenJWangJ, et al.Lithium attenuates bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity in vitro through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/threonine-serine protein kinase B- and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent mechanisms. Neuroscience2012; 206: 190–200. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.12.043.
38.
BaoFKangXXieQ, et al.HIF-alpha/PKM2 and PI3K-AKT pathways involved in the protection by dexmedetomidine against isoflurane or bupivacaine-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells. Exp Ther Med2019; 17: 63–70. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6956.
