This article analyses the institutionalization of social services in England and Wales, France and Germany in comparative perspective. The focus is on recent changes that include large elements of privatization (in particular in England and Wales) and decentralization (mainly in France). These developments are often regarded as indications of a retreat of the welfare state from the area of social services. The article, however, supports an alternative interpretation that sees behind these developments an attempt by the welfare state to establish more integrated and socially controlled systems of social services. Variations between countries are explained partly by variations in their institutional heritage and partly by country-specific sociopolitical constellations and institutional innovations. The analysis combines the concept of welfare mix with a comparative-historical perspective. This approach offers an alternative to the dominant broad theories of welfare regimes that are less adequate for studying institutional change.
Cet article examine l'institutionnalisation des services sociaux en Angleterre et Wales, en France et en Allemagne en adoptant une approche comparative. L'examen porte sur les récents changements en matière de privatisation (en particulier en Angleterre) et de décentralisation (principalement en France). Ces évolutions sont souvent évaluées comme les témoins du retrait de l'Etat Providence du secteur des services sociaux. Cependant cet article soutient une interprétation alternative qui perçoit dans ces évolutions une tentative de l'Etat Providence d'établir des systèmes de contrôle des services sociaux mieux intégrés et mieux acceptés socialement. Les différences entre pays sont explicables d'une part, par les différences sur le plan de leur histoire institutionnelle et d'autre part, par leur spécificités sur le plan de leur configuration socio-politique et de leur innovation institutionnelle. L'analyse s'appuie sur le concept de `welfare mix' combiné à une perspective d'histoire comparée. Cette approche offre une alternative aux théories largement dominantes sur les régimes d'Etat Providence lesquelles semblent moins appropriées pour étudier le changement institutionnel.
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