Effective carbon management and sustainable development require a comprehensive understanding of the complex spatial-temporal dynamics and network characteristics of embodied carbon transfers (ECTs) between regions. This research utilizes a multi-regional input–output model, complex network analysis, and a geographical detector to investigate the inter-regional ECT in China. The results reveal that northern energy-producing provinces act as “suppliers” of embodied carbon within the transfer network, while economically developed eastern regions emerge as both significant “consumers” and “re-exporters.” The central region is an intermediary bridge connecting the south and the north. Additionally, 10 key ECT pathways have been identified, illustrating the complexity and frequency of transfers. Energy production and manufacturing are the main contributors to the ECT network, whereas service sectors such as transportation, warehousing, and postal services play a significant role in the final consumption. Finally, the synergistic effects among various factors, notably the combined influence of urbanization rates and economic openness, coupled with education levels and green innovation initiatives, significantly influence the inter-regional ECT. These findings offer valuable insights into the equitable allocation of carbon responsibilities and collaborative governance of emission reduction strategies across regions, providing policy guidance to foster green and sustainable development.
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