Parametric finite element analysis of bamboo-CFRP laminated composite skew bridge decks

Abstract

Bridge construction needs innovative sustainable solutions for enviro-economic improvement worldwide. The study presents a parametric finite element static and dynamic analyses incorporating bamboo into the core of the bridge’s deck, and it is surrounded by a carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP). The study examines variations in the thickness of the individual layers while maintaining almost constant overall volume, along with changes in the ply angle (0°, 30°, 60°, 90°) and skew angle (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°) under Indian Road Congress (IRC) Class A loading. The modelling and analysis are carried out using ANSYS Workbench to assess the static and dynamic (free vibration) responses, namely stress, deflection, normal stresses in both longitudinal and transverse directions, and natural frequencies, which is followed by validation of the present approach against established literature. Among all configurations, a ply angle of 60° consistently produces more favourable results (lesser stress and deflection values) regardless of core thickness or skew angle. The maximum equivalent stress, maximum deflection, and maximum normal stress along the transverse direction of laminated composite bridge decking typically decrease as the skew angle increases. By producing fewer values for these parameters across a range of skew angles and core thicknesses, a ply angle of 60° consistently exhibits the best performance. The 60° ply angle often retains comparatively superior performance, even if the longitudinal stress exhibits more complicated behaviour. The majority of modal frequencies peak at about 60° across all skew angles and wood-to-CFRP ratios, suggesting that this is the best orientation for maximising overall strength. This consistent pattern across all skew angles suggests that the dynamic response is consistent regardless of the skew angle. Skewness improves stress distribution, further reducing critical responses. These findings suggest an optimal ply configuration that can significantly enhance the structural efficiency of sustainable sandwich deck systems.