Morphlight theory inspired by raptor: Bionic design and experimental investigation on the flapping aerodynamic performance of the morphing flight vehicle Morphfalcon inspired by the Falcon

Abstract

Multi-segment biomimetic flapping-wing aircraft exhibit unique advantages in specialized operational scenarios such as environmental monitoring, however, significant challenges exist in high-fidelity biomimetic design and aerodynamic optimization, especially for raptors. This study first conducted 3D scanning of peregrine falcon wings and designed a highly biomimetic segmented-wing configuration that integrates primary flight feathers. To address aerodynamic challenges, computational fluid dynamics simulations were systematically employed to optimize key parameters including flapping frequency, oscillation amplitude, and inflow velocity. Results revealed a 498.5% increase in mean lift coefficient with frequency escalation from 1 Hz to 5 Hz. Passive torsion control mechanisms effectively constrained oscillation amplitudes to 7°–10°, balancing energy efficiency and aerodynamic stability. Based on these findings, a novel morphing flight vehicle named Morphfalcon was developed. The prototype demonstrates excellent aerodynamic performance, and its high-fidelity biomimetic design offers potential stealth benefits through morphology and motion patterns that resemble natural avian flight. Through prototype development and experimental validation demonstrated superior maneuverability and stealth capabilities, with lift forces increasing by 330.2% under optimized 3 Hz flapping frequency and 15° angle of attack. This work proposes a standardized bionic-inspired aerial vehicle design framework, bridging avian flight mechanics with aerospace engineering applications.