To address the problems associated with the preparation of traditional epoxy resin-bonded magnetic abrasives, such as incomplete solvent evaporation and poor environmental compatibility, as well as the problems of brittleness and short service life in the abrasives, a novel glass fiber-reinforced magnetic abrasive (GFMA) was developed using a curing-demolding method. The incorporation of glass fibers into the resin matrix forms a reinforced composite structure and the microstructure and composition were characterized. Three experiments were conducted using a planar magnetic abrasive finishing setup to polish 3D-printed AlSi10Mg workpieces. Results showed that compared with traditional epoxy resin-based abrasives, GFMA exhibits higher finishing efficiency and a longer service life. Specifically, using 3 g of 10–20 mesh GFMA reduced the surface roughness of the AlSi10Mg workpiece by 97.83% and removed 77 mg of material. Compared to traditional magnetic abrasives, material removal rates increase by approximately 56%. The reinforced composite matrix enhances the mechanical strength and service life of abrasives, and also improves preparation reliability and environmental compatibility. This method has engineering value for precision finishing of complex internal cavity components, and provides a promising strategy and reference for developing composite magnetic abrasives.
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