Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based composites attract tremendous attention as dielectric materials. However, their development has been limited due to the raised problem in the in-homogeneous polymer composites. In this work, a novel PVDF-based film incorporated with polyamide-1, containing the highest density of dipole among all polyamides, was prepared to improve the crystallization behaviors and dielectric properties. The results showed that the optimal concentration of polyamide-1 in PVDF was 6 wt.%. The crystallization rate of PVDF was improved in the presence of polyamide-1. Interestingly, the polyamide-1 was conductive to the formation of β form crystal of PVDF, which exhibited great electric performance. The dielectric constant of PVDF increased sharply and loss tangent still kept at a low level of 0.03@100 Hz when the concentration of polyamide-1 was 6 wt.%. This work may provide a new direction to design dielectric materials for PVDF blends.
ChenG-XLiYShimizuH. Ultrahigh-shear processing for the preparation of polymer/carbon nanotube composites. Carbon2007; 45: 2334–2340.
2.
LiXFLuXL. Morphology of polyvinylidene fluoride and its blend in thermally induced phase separation process. J Appl Polym Sci2010; 101: 2944–2952.
3.
OsakaNHamamotoK. Simultaneous stiffening, strengthening and toughening of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/propylene carbonate gels by thermal annealing near peak melting temperature. Polymer2018; 141: 132–142.
4.
DengWRenGWangW, et al.Enhanced dielectric properties and thermostability in polyimide composites with core-shell structured polyimide@BaTiO3 nanoparticles. High Perform Polym2021. (online published).
5.
WeiBYangD. Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of 0-3 composite film in PCM/PVDF and PZT/PVDF. Ferroelectrics2011; 157: 427–430.
ZhangZGuYWangS, et al.Enhancement of dielectric and electrical properties in BT/SiC/PVDF three-phase composite through microstructure tailoring. Composites A: Appl Sci Manufacturing2015; 74: 88–95.
8.
FerreiraCIDal CastelCOviedoMAS, et al.Isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/exfoliated graphite nanocomposites. Thermochim Acta2013; 553: 40–48.
9.
NiederbergerMCölfenH. Oriented attachment and mesocrystals: non-classical crystallization mechanisms based on nanoparticle assembly. Phys Chem Chem Phys2006; 8: 3271–3287.
10.
MannSArchibaldDDDidymusJM, et al.Crystallization at inorganic-organic interfaces: biominerals and biomimetic synthesis. Science1993; 261: 1286–1292.
11.
OkabeYMurakamiHOsakaN, et al.Morphology development and exclusion of noncrystalline polymer during crystallization in PVDF/PMMA blends. Polymer2010; 51: 1494–1500.
12.
LangSBMuensitS. Review of some lesser-known applications of piezoelectric and pyroelectric polymers. Appl Phys A2006; 85: 125–134.
13.
WangWFanHYeY. Effect of electric field on the structure and piezoelectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) studied by density functional theory. Polymer2010; 47: 7988–7996.
14.
MitraSPoizotPFinkeA. Growth and electrochemical characterization versus Lithium of Fe3O4 electrodes made by electrodeposition. Adv Funct Mater2010; 16: 2281–2287.
BaerEZhuL. 50th anniversary perspective: dielectric phenomena in polymers and multilayered dielectric films. Macromolecules2017; 50: 2239–2256.
17.
DangZ-MFanL-ZShenY, et al.Dielectric behavior of novel three-phase MWNTs/BaTiO3/PVDF composites. Mater Sci Eng B2003; 103: 140–144.
18.
Bar-HillelY. Relationship between BaTiO3 nanowire aspect ratio and the dielectric permittivity of nanocomposites. Acs Appl Mater Inter2014; 6: 5450–5455.
19.
WanY-JYangW-HYuS-H, et al.Covalent polymer functionalization of graphene for improved dielectric properties and thermal stability of epoxy composites. Composites Sci Technology2016; 122: 27–35.
20.
XuX-LYangC-JYangJ-H, et al.Excellent dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites based on partially reduced graphene oxide. Composites B: Eng2017; 109: 91–100.
21.
WeiDYuWCuiW, et al.High dielectric permittivity and low loss of polyvinylidene fluoride filled with carbon additives. High Perform Polym2018; 31: 778–784.
22.
WangGHuangXJiangP. Bio-inspired fluoro-polydopamine meets barium titanate nanowires: a perfect combination to enhance energy storage capability of polymer nanocomposites. ACS Appl Mater Inter2017; 9: 7547–7555.
23.
CostaPSilvaJLanceros MendezS. Strong increase of the dielectric response of carbon nanotube/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites induced by carbon nanotube type and pre-treatment. Composites Part B: Eng2016; 93: 310–316.
24.
LuoSShenYYuS, et al.Construction of a 3D-BaTiO3 network leading to significantly enhanced dielectric permittivity and energy storage density of polymer composites. Energy Environ Sci. 2017; 10: 137–144.
25.
StefanescuEATanXLinZ, et al.Multifunctional fiberglass-reinforced PMMA-BaTiO3 structural/dielectric composites. Polymer2011; 52: 2016–2024.
26.
PanZYaoLZhaiJ, et al.High-energy-density polymer nanocomposites composed of newly structured one-dimensional BaTiO3@Al2O3 nanofibers. ACS Appl Mater Inter2017; 9: 4024–4033.
27.
TchmutinIAPonomarenkoATKrinichnayaEP, et al.Electrical properties of composites based on conjugated polymers and conductive fillers. Carbon2003; 41: 1391–1395.
28.
CazacuACurecheriuLNeaguA. Tunable gold-chitosan nanocomposites by local field engineering. Appl Phys Lett2013; 102: 625–634.
29.
ZhuJShenJGuoS, et al.Confined distribution of conductive particles in polyvinylidene fluoride-based multilayered dielectrics: toward high permittivity and breakdown strength. Carbon2015; 84: 355–364.
30.
HuDMingJYanH. Dielectric loss suppression of silver/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite films with polydopamine. J Macromolecular Sci B2018; 57: 1–23.
31.
YaoSHDangZ MJiangMJ, et al.BaTiO3-carbon nanotube/polyvinylidene fluoride three-phase composites with high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss. Appl Phys Lett2008; 93: 3502.
32.
LiJClaudeJNorena-FrancoLE. Electric energy storage in ferroelectric polymer nanocomposites containing surface-functionalized BaTiO3 nanoparticles. Chem Mater2016; 20: 6304–6306.
33.
YuanDBaoJRenY, et al.Synthesis of nylon 1 in supercritical carbon dioxide and its crystallization behavior effect on nylon 11. CrystEngComm2018; 20: 4676–4684.
34.
YuanDXuYHuangL, et al.Novel prominent nylon-1 with excellent dielectric properties and a high Curie point. J Mater Chem C2019; 7: 1641–1650.
35.
ZhangY-LXiaHKimE, et al.Recent developments in superhydrophobic surfaces with unique structural and functional properties. Soft Matter2012; 8: 11217–11231.
36.
XuYYuanDBaoJ, et al.Nanofibrous membranes with surface migration of functional groups for ultrafast wastewater remediation. J Mater Chem A2018; 6: 13359–13372.
37.
LeeKHKaoJPariziSS, et al.Dielectric properties of barium titanate supramolecular nanocomposites. Nanoscale2014; 6: 3526–3531.
38.
DangZ-MNanC-W. Dielectric properties of LTNO ceramics and LTNO/PVDF composites. Ceramics Int2005; 31: 349–351.
39.
WangGYuanDYanX. Fabrication of radial ZnO nanowire clusters and radial ZnO/PVDF composites with enhanced dielectric properties. Adv Funct Mater2010; 18: 2584–2592.
40.
ZhouWZuoJRenW. Thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of Al/PVDF composites. Composites Part A: Appl Sci Manufacturing2012; 43: 658–664.
41.
MengNMaoRTuW, et al.Crystallization kinetics and enhanced dielectric properties of free standing lead-free PVDF based composite films. Polymer2017; 121: 88–96.
42.
YangDTianMLiD, et al.Enhanced dielectric properties and actuated strain of elastomer composites with dopamine-induced surface functionalization. J Mater Chem A2013; 1: 12276–12284.
43.
QiaoRXuHChenS, et al.n-Type semiconductive polymer and poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) blends for energy storage applications. ACS Appl Polym Mater2021; 3: 879–887.
44.
QiLZhangGLiuF, et al.Solution-processed ferroelectric terpolymer nanocomposites with high breakdown strength and energy density utilizing boron nitride nanosheets. Energ Environ Sci2015; 3: 922–931.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
