This study builds theory on socioemotional wealth (SEW) in family firms and, specifically, proposes a new concept, community SEW, that moves SEW beyond the organizational level of analysis to include the community level of analysis. We find that owner-managers of family farms prioritize preservation of farming on fertile land and protection of the farming community in their region over economic and, in some instances, family interests. That is, owner-managers’ SEW includes the community in which the family is embedded. We discuss implications for SEW research.
AlstonJ. M.JamesJ. S.AndersenM. A.PardeyP. G. (2010). A brief history of U.S. agriculture. In Natural resource management and policy: Vol. 34. Persistence pays: U.S. agricultural productivity growth and the benefits from public R&D spending (Vol. 34, pp. 9-21). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0658-8
2.
AshforthB. E.HarrisonS. H.CorleyK. G. (2008). Identification in organizations: An examination of four fundamental questions. Journal of Management, 34(3), 325-374. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308316059
3.
BennerD. (2014, May11). Work together to protect Lancaster county’s farmland. Lancaster Online.
4.
BerroneP.CruzC.Gomez-MejiaL. R. (2012). Socioemotional wealth in family firms: Theoretical dimensions, assessment approaches, and agenda for future research. Family Business Review, 25(3), 258-279. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511435355
5.
BerroneP.CruzC.Gomez-MejiaL. R. (2014). Family-controlled firms and stakeholder management: A socioemotional wealth preservation perspective. In MelinL.NordqvistM.SharmaP. (Eds.), The Sage handbook of family business (pp. 179-195). Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446247556.n10
6.
BerroneP.CruzC.Gomez-MejiaL. R.Larraza-KintanaM. (2010). Socioemotional wealth and corporate responses to institutional pressures: Do family-controlled firms pollute less?Administrative Science Quarterly, 55(1), 82-113. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2010.55.1.82
BrubakerJ. (2013, June6). Retired farmers: Cash no substitute for land. Lancaster Farming.
12.
BurtonR. J.WilsonG. A. (2006). Injecting social psychology theory into conceptualisations of agricultural agency: Towards a post-productivist farmer self-identity?Journal of Rural Studies, 22(1), 95-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2005.07.004
13.
CennamoC.BerroneP.CruzC.Gomez-MejiaL. R. (2012). Socioemotional wealth and proactive stakeholder engagement: Why family-controlled firms care more about their stakeholders. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(6), 1153-1173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2012.00543.x
14.
ChiricoF.Gómez-MejiaL. R.HellerstedtK.WithersM.NordqvistM. (2019). To merge, sell, or liquidate? Socioemotional wealth, family control, and the choice of business exit. Journal of Management. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318818723
15.
ChrismanJ. J.ChuaJ. H.PearsonA. W.BarnettT. (2012). Family involvement, family influence, and family-centered non-economic goals in small firms. Entrepreneurship Theory And practice, 36(2), 267-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00407.x
16.
ChuaJ. H.ChrismanJ. J.De MassisA. (2015). A closer look at socioemotional wealth: Its flows, stocks, and prospects for moving forward. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(2), 173-182. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12155
DanielsT.Payne-RileyL. (2017). Preserving large farming landscapes: The case of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 7(3), 67-81. https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2017.073.004
21.
DavisJ. H.SchoormanF. D.DonaldsonL. (1997). Toward a stewardship theory of management. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 20-47. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9707180258
22.
DeephouseD. L.JaskiewiczP. (2013). Do family firms have better reputations than non-family firms? An Integration of socioemotional wealth and social identity theories. Journal of Management Studies, 50(3), 337-360. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12015
23.
Dei OttatiG. (2009). Italian industrial districts and the dual Chinese challenge. In SmythG. J. R.FrenchR. (Eds.), Living outside the walls: The Chinese in Prato (pp. 26-41). Cambridge Scholars.
DumasC.DupuisJ.RicherF.St-CyrL. (1995). Factors that influence the next generation’s decision to take over the family farm. Family Business Review, 8(2), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1995.00099.x
26.
EvertR. E.MartinJ. A.McLeodM. S.PayneG. T. (2016). Empirics in family business research: Progress, challenges, and the path ahead. Family Business Review, 29(1), 17-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486515593869
FunkA. (1998). My life and love for the land. Mastoff Press.
29.
GaleH. F. (1993). Why did the number of young farm entrants decline?American Journal Agricultural Economics, 75(1), 138-146. https://doi.org/10.2307/1242962
30.
GioiaD. A.CorleyK. G.HamiltonA. L. (2013). Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research: Notes on the Gioia methodology. Organizational Research Methods, 16(1), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428112452151
31.
GloverJ. L.ReayT. (2015). Sustaining the family business with minimal financial rewards: How do family farms continue?Family Business Review, 28(2), 163-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486513511814
32.
Gomez-MejiaL. R.CruzC.BerroneP.De CastroJ. (2011). The bind that ties: Socioemotional wealth preservation in family firms. Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 653-707. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2011.593320
33.
Gómez-MejíaL. R.HaynesK. T.Núñez-NickelM.JacobsonK. J. L.Moyano-FuentesH. (2007). Socioemotional wealth and business risk in family–controlled firms: Evidence from Spanish olive oil mills. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(1), 106–137. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.52.1.106
34.
HauckJ.Suess-ReyesJ.BeckS.PrüglR.FrankH. (2016). Measuring socioemotional wealth in family-owned and-managed firms: A validation and short form of the FIBER Scale. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 7(3), 133-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2016.08.001
35.
JonesC. A.El-OstaH.GreenR. (2006). Economic well-being of farm households (Economic Brief No. 7). Economic Research Service.
36.
KumetoG. (2015). 5. Behavioural agency theory and the family business. In NordqvistM.MelinL.WaldkirchM.KumetoG. (Eds.), Theoretical perspectives on family businesses (pp. 78-98). Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783479665.00012
KurlandN. B. (2018). ESOP plus Benefit Corporation: Synergies that build ownership culture and benefit accountability. California Management Review, 60(4), 51-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125618778853
LazersonM. (1995). A new phoenix? Modern putting-out in the Modena knitwear industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(1), 34-59. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393699
41.
Le Breton-MillerI.MillerD. (2009). Agency vs. stewardship in public family firms: A social embeddedness reconciliation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(6), 1169-1191. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00339.x
LobleyM. (2010). Succession in the family farm business. Journal of Farm Management, 13(12), 839-851.
44.
LounsburyM. (2007). A tale of two cities: Competing logics and practice variation in the professionalizing of mutual funds. Academy of Management Journal, 50(2), 289-307. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.24634436
45.
LumpkinT.BacqS. (2019). Civic wealth creation: A new view of stakeholder engagement and societal impact. Academy of Management Perspectives, 33(4). https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2017.0060
MariolaM. J. (2005). Losing ground: Farmland preservation, economic utilitarianism, and the erosion of the agrarian ideal. Agriculture and Human Values, 22(2), 209-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-004-8281-1
48.
MarquisC.LounsburyM. (2007). Vive la résistance: Competing logics and the consolidation of US community banking. Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), 799-820. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.26279172
49.
MarquisC.LounsburyM.GreenwoodR. (2011). Introduction: Community as an institutional order and a type of organizing. In MarquisC.LounsburyM.GreenwoodR. (Eds.), Research in the sociology of organizations: Vol. 33. Communities and organizations (pp. ix-xxvii). Emerald Group. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0733-558X(2011)0000033003
50.
MaynardL. J.KelseyT. W.LembeckS. M.BeckerJ. C. (1998). Early experience with Pennsylvania’s agricultural conservation easement program. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 53(2), 106-112.
51.
McCaffreyS. J. (2013). Tacit-rich districts and globalization: Changes in the Italian textile and apparel production system. Socio-Economic Review, 11(4), 657-685. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwt005
52.
McGuireJ.MortonL. W.CastA. D. (2013). Reconstructing the good farmer identity: Shifts in farmer identities and farm management practices to improve water quality. Agriculture and Human Values, 30(1), 57-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-012-9381-y
53.
MillerD.Le Breton-MillerI. (2005). Managing for the long run: Lessons in competitive advantage from great family businesses. Harvard Business Press.
54.
MillerD.Le Breton-MillerI. (2014). Deconstructing socioemotional wealth. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(4), 713-720. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12111
55.
MishraA. K.El-OstaH. S.ShaikS. (2010). Succession decisions in US family farm businesses. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 35(1), 133-152.
56.
MurphyL.HuybrechtsJ.LambrechtsF. (2019). The origins and development of socioemotional wealth within next-generation family members: An Interpretive grounded theory study. Family Business Review, 32(4), 396-424. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486519890775
57.
NaldiL.CennamoC.CorbettaG.Gomez-MejiaL. (2013). Preserving socioemotional wealth in family firms: Asset or liability? The moderating role of business context. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(6), 1341-1360. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12069
58.
NickersonC.LynchL. (2001). The effect of farmland preservation programs on farmland prices. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 83(2), 314-351. https://doi.org/10.1111/0002-9092.00160
59.
RanckD. (2013, January8). Solving the “Farmland Preservation Program” problems in Lancaster and PA. Letter to the Editor (from the Paradise Township Supervisors).
60.
RanckD.GroffD. (2014a, May11). Five-year agreements would be more effective way to preserve farmland. Lancaster Online.
61.
RanckD.GroffD. (2014b). Letter submitted to the record for the Paradise Township Supervisors meeting, May 7.
62.
ReayT.JaskiewiczP.HiningsC. R. (2015). How family, business, and community logics shape family firm behavior and “rules of the game” in an organizational field. Family Business Review, 28(4), 292-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486515577513
ShepherdD. A. (2016). An emotions perspective for advancing the fields of family business and entrepreneurship: Stocks, flows, reactions, and responses. Family Business Review, 29(2), 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486516634943
68.
StokowskiP. A. (2002). Languages of place and discourses of power: Constructing new senses of place. Journal of Leisure Research, 34(4), 368-382. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2002.11949977
Suess-ReyesJ.FuetschE. (2016). The future of family farming: A literature review on innovative, sustainable and succession-oriented strategies. Journal of Rural Studies, 47(Pt. A), 117-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.07.008
71.
TappiD. (2003). On the unit of analysis in the study of networks. In BrennerT.FornhalD. (Eds.) Cooperation, Networks and institutions in regional Innovation systems (pp. 149-170). Edward Elgar.
72.
TaylorM. P. (2011, February19). Fears of ag land price bubble could hamper borrowing. Lancaster Farming.
73.
Van DickR.VagnerL. T.StellmacherJ.ChristO. (2004). The utility of a broader conceptualization of organizational identification: Which aspects really matter?Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(2), 171-91. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317904774202135
74.
Van MaanenJ. (1979). The fact of fiction in organizational ethnography. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4), 539-550. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392360
75.
Van MaanenJ.SorensenJ. B.MitchellT. R. (2007). Introduction to Special Topic Forum: The interplay between theory and method. Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1145-1154. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.26586080
76.
WalbertD. (2002). Garden spot: Lancaster County, the old order Amish, and the selling of rural America. Oxford University Press.
77.
WardJ. L. (1987). Keeping the family business healthy. Jossey-Bass.
