A Robust Defense Against IPNV and VHSV by Designing Revolutionary Multi-Epitope Vaccine Utilizing Immunoinformatics Approaches

Abstract

In the intricate world of aquatic ecosystems, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) emerge as formidable threats to marine life, posing diverse diseases that reverberate through shared host species (Salmon, trout fishes). The coexistence of these viruses amplifies health risks, compelling the pursuit of inventive intervention strategies. Recognizing the urgency, a current and optimistic initiative strives to craft a revolutionary combined vaccine, offering protection against both IPNV and VHSV. This innovative endeavor, driven by an immunoinformatics approach, identifies immune-dominant epitopes from CadB and LamB proteins, ensuring the final vaccine’s immunogenicity, non-allergenicity, and enhanced solubility. Molecular dynamics simulations validate its binding stability and structural integrity. In a pivotal move, codon optimization using Escherichia coli K12 as a model result in an ideal guanine-cytosine content and a higher Codon Adaptation Index value, seamlessly integrating into the cloning vector pET2+ (a). In essence, our outcomes underscore the potential of this proposed peptide vaccine to elicit a robust immune response against both IHNV and VHSV, marking a breakthrough in the holistic management of infectious diseases in aquatic environments.