An effective separation process of arsenic,lead,and zinc from high arsenic-containing copper smelting ashes by alkali leaching followed by sulfide precipitation

Abstract

Separation of arsenic and valuable metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Bi, Sn, In, Ag, Sb, etc.) is a core problem for effective utilization of high arsenic-containing copper smelting ashes (HACSA). This study developed an effective separation process of arsenic, lead, and zinc from HACSA via alkali leaching followed by sulfide precipitation. The separation behaviors and optimum conditions for alkali leaching of arsenic and sulfide precipitation of lead and zinc were established respectively as follows: NaOH concentration 3.81 M; temperature 80°C; time 90 minutes; liquid-to-solid ratio 4:1; agitation speed 450 revolutions/minute (r/min) and 2.0 times of theoretical quantity of sodium sulfide (Na₂S); temperature 70°C; and time 60 minutes. The results indicated that the leaching rates of As, Pb, and Zn were 92.4%, 36.9% and 13.4%, respectively. More than 99% of lead and zinc were precipitated from the alkali leachate. The scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy study confirmed that arsenic was dissolved from HACSA into the alkali leachate. Furthermore, lead and zinc were precipitated as sulfides from the alkali leachate. The proposed process was a good technique for separation of arsenic and enrichment of valuable metals for further centralized treatment separately. It provided high separation efficiency of arsenic and valuable metals, as well as low environmental pollution.