The thermal deformation, which is called “deconsolidation” or “springback,” is often observed when the randomly oriented short carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics are heated. In the present study, the deconsolidation effect of two kinds of randomly oriented short carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics was studied experimentally and theoretically. The deconsolidation ratios were measured as the thickness ratio of the deformed randomly oriented short carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics in the experiments. The results indicated that the deconsolidation of the randomly oriented short carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics is caused by the release of the molding elastic deformation of fibers. Structural and molding factors that can affect the deconsolidation ratio were defined and empirical fitting functions were established. The deconsolidation ratios calculated by the functions were compared with the experimental results and the agreement was found to be satisfactory. At last, the fiber volume fraction effect and molding pressure effect on the deconsolidation ratio were investigated using the equations.
Takahashi J and Ishikawa T. Next challenge in CFRTP for mass production automotive application. In: SEICO 14 SAMPE EUROPE 35th international conference and forum, Paris, France: SAMPE EUROPE Conferences, 2014, pp.181–188.
2.
KimYRMccarthySPFanucciJP. Compressibility and relaxation of fiber reinforcements during composite processing. Polym Compos1991; 12: 13–19.
3.
BeehagAYeL. Role of cooling pressure on interlaminar fracture properties of commingled CF/PEEK composites. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf1996; 27: 175–182.
4.
MichaudVMortensenA. Infiltration processing of fibre reinforced composites: Governing phenomena. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf2001; 32: 981–996.
5.
RozantOBourbanPEMansonJAE. Manufacturing of three dimensional sandwich parts by direct thermoforming. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf2001; 32: 1593–1601.
6.
FuS-YLaukeB. Effects of fiber length and fiber orientation distributions on the tensile strength of SFRP. Compos Sci Technol1996; 56: 12–12.
7.
FuSYLaukeB. An analytical characterization of the anisotropy of the elastic modulus of misaligned short-fiber-reinforced polymers. Compos Sci Technol1998; 58: 1961–1972.
8.
FuSYLaukeB. The elastic modulus of misaligned short-fiber-reinforced polymers. Compos Sci Technol1998; 58: 389–400.
9.
FuSYLaukeBMaderE. Tensile properties of short-glass-fiber- and short-carbon-fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf2000; 31: 1117–1125.
10.
CabaACLoosACBatraRC. Fiber-fiber interactions in carbon mat thermoplastics. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf2007; 38: 469–483.
11.
RawalALomovSNgoT. Mechanical behavior of Thru-air bonded nonwoven structures. Text Res J2007; 77: 417–431.
12.
RawalAPriyadarshiAKumarN. Tensile behaviour of nonwoven structures: Comparison with experimental results. J Mater Sci2010; 45: 6643–6652.
13.
RawalAPriyadarshiALomovSV. Tensile behaviour of thermally bonded nonwoven structures: Model description. J Mater Sci2010; 45: 2274–2284.
14.
XuJZYingYMingQ. Numerical simulation research on curing process of composite overwrap considering a die model. J Reinf Plast Compos2013; 32: 1393–1405.
15.
GasconsMBlancoNVivesJ. Numerical implementation and experimental validation of a through-the-thickness temperature model for non-isothermal vacuum bagging infusion. J Reinf Plast Compos2011; 30: 1557–1570.
BernetNMichaudVBourbanPE. An impregnation model for the consolidation of thermoplastic composites made from commingled yarns. J Compos Mater1999; 33: 751–772.
19.
TornqvistRSunderlandPMansonJAE. Non-isothermal process rheology of thermoplastic composites for compression flow moulding. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf2000; 31: 917–927.
20.
MichaudVMansonJAE. Impregnation of compressible fiber mats with a thermoplastic resin. Part I: Theory. J Compos Mater2001; 35: 1150–1173.
21.
MichaudVTornqvistRMansonJAE. Impregnation of compressible fiber mats with a thermoplastic resin. Part II: Experiments. J Compos Mater2001; 35: 1174–1200.
22.
EndruweitALuthyTErmanniP. Investigation of the influence of textile compression on the out-of-plane permeability of a bidirectional glass fiber fabric. Polym Compos2002; 23: 538–554.
23.
JespersenSTWakemanMDMichaudV. Film stacking impregnation model for a novel net shape thermoplastic composite preforming process. Compos Sci Technol2008; 68: 1822–1830.
24.
BoeyFLuaACYueCY. Hot forming of a polyphenylene sulfide composite. J Mater Process Technol1993; 38: 327–335.
25.
SarrazinHKimBAhnSH. Effects of processing temperature and layup on springback. J Compos Mater1995; 29: 1278–1294.
26.
HenningerFYeLFriedrichK. Deconsolidation behaviour of glass fibre-polyamide 12 composite sheet material during post-processing. Plast Rubber Compos Process Appl1998; 27: 287–292.
27.
YeLLuMMaiYW. Thermal de-consolidation of thermoplastic matrix composites – I. Growth of voids. Compos Sci Technol2002; 62: 2121–2130.
28.
LuMYeLMaiYW. Thermal de-consolidation of thermoplastic matrix composites – II. “migration” of voids and “re-consolidation”. Compos Sci Technol2004; 64: 191–202.
29.
YeLChenZRLuM. De-consolidation and re-consolidation in CF/PPS thermoplastic matrix composites. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf2005; 36: 915–922.
30.
WolfrathJMichaudVMansonJAE. Deconsolidation in glass mat thermoplastic composites: Analysis of the mechanisms. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf2005; 36: 1608–1616.
31.
WolfrathJMichaudVMansonJAE. Deconsolidation in glass mat thermoplastics: Influence of the initial fibre/matrix configuration. Compos Sci Technol2005; 65: 1601–1608.
32.
PadovecZRuzickaM. Springback angle of a C/PPS laminate with a textile reinforcement. Mech Compos Mater2013; 49: 221–230.
33.
Wan Y, Takahashi J and Ohsawa I. Investigation about the springback effect on short fiber reinforced thermoplastics. In: 13th Japan international SAMPE symposium and exhibition, Nagoya, Japan: SAMPE JAPAN chapter, 2013.
34.
Wan Y and Takahashi J. Thermal deformation caused by residual stress in short fiber reinforced thermoplastics. In: SEICO 14 SAMPE EUROPE 35th international conference and forum, Paris, France: SAMPE EUROPE Conferences, 2014, pp.343–350.
35.
KallmesOCorteH. Structure of paper i. The statistical geometry of and ideal two dimensional fiber network. Tappi1960; 43: 737–752.
