Little has been written about play in adult therapy groups. This paper compares children's games with therapeutic factors in group analysis and explores the roles of play and playfulness in group psychotherapy.
Ashbach, C.
and Schermer, V.L. (1987) Object Relations, the Self and the Group. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
2.
reprinted in G. Bateson (1972) Steps to an Ecology of Mind, pp. 177-193. New York: Ballantine.
3.
Behr, H.L.
(1982) `The Significance of Teasing in Group Psychotherapy', in M. Pines and L. Rafaelsen (eds) The Individual and the Group, Vol. II: 10-18. New York: Plenum Press.
4.
Bettelheim, B.
(1976) The Uses of Enchantment. London: Thames and Hudson.
5.
Bloch, S.
, Browning, S. and McGrath, G. (1983) `Humour in Group Psychotherapy', British Journal of Medical Psychology56: 89-97.
6.
Bowlby, J.
(1988) A Secure Base. London: Routledge.
7.
Brazelton, T.B.
and Cramer, B.G. (1991) The Earliest Relationship. London: Karnac.
8.
Bretherton, I.
(1984) Symbolic Play. London: Academic Press.
9.
Brown, G.D.
(1987) `Change in the Group-analytic Setting', Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy3(1): 53-60.
10.
Brown, G.D.
(1994) `Self Development through Subjective Interaction: A Fresh Look at Ego Training in Action', in G.D. Brown and L. Zinkin (eds) The Psyche and the Social World, pp. 80-98. London: Routledge.
11.
Brown, G.D.
and Zinkin, L. (eds) (1994) The Psyche and the Social World. London: Routledge.
12.
Conlon, I.
(1991) `The Effect of Gender on the Rô1e of the Female Group Conductor', Group Analysis24(2): 187-200.
13.
de Mare, P.
(1991) Koinonia: From Hate, through Dialogue, to Culture in the Large Group. London: Karnac.
14.
Elliott, B.
(1986) `Gender Identity in Group-analytic Psychotherapy', Group Analysis19(3): 195-206.
15.
Erikson, E.H.
(1965) Childhood and Society. London: Hogarth.
Foulkes, S.H.
(1964) Therapeutic Group Analysis. Reprinted London: Karnac, 1984.
18.
Foulkes, S.H.
(1972) `Oedipus Conflict and Regression', reprinted in E. Foulkes (ed.) S.H. Foulkes Selected Papers, pp. 235-247. London: Karnac, 1990.
19.
Foulkes, S.H.
(1974) `My Philosophy in Psychotherapy', reprinted in E. Foulkes (ed.) S.H. Foulkes Selected Papers, pp. 271-280. London: Karnac, 1990.
20.
Foulkes, S.H.
(1975a) Group-analytical Psychotherapy. Method and Principles. London: Gordon and Breach. Reprinted London: Karnac, 1986.
21.
Foulkes, S.H.
(1975b) `The Leader in the Group', reprinted in E. Foulkes (ed.) S.H. Foulkes Selected Papers, pp. 285-296. London: Karnac, 1990.
22.
Foulkes, S.H.
and Anthony, E.J. (1957) Group Psychotherapy. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Reprinted London: Karnac, 1984.
23.
Freeman, D.
(1994) `Play Group', Gannet: Newsletter of Group Analysis North1: 7.
24.
Freud, A.
(1966) Normality and Pathology in Childhood. London: Hogarth.
25.
Freud, S.
(1914) `Remembering, Repeating and Working Through', Standard Edition Vol. 12. London: Hogarth, 1958.
26.
Freud, S.
(1920) `Beyond the Pleasure Principle', Standard Edition Vol. 18. London: Hogarth, 1955.
27.
Gordon, J.
(1994) `Bion's Post-Experiences in Groups thinking on Groups', in V.L. Schermer and M. Pines (eds) The Ring of Fire, pp. 107-127. London: Routledge.
28.
Hearst, L.
(1993) `Our Historical and Cultural Cargo and its Vicissitudes in Group Analysis', Group Analysis26(4): 389-405.
29.
Hinshelwood, R.D.
(1994) `Attacks on the Reflective Space', in V.L. Schermer and M. Pines (eds) The Ring of Fire, pp. 86-106. London: Routledge.
30.
Hughes, P.H.
, Noppe, L.D. and Noppe, I.C. (1988) Child Development. New York: West Publishing.
31.
Jacobson, E.
(1946) `The Effect of Disappointment on Ego and Super-ego Formation in Normal and Depressive Development', The Psychoanalytic Review33(2): 129-147.
32.
James, D.C.
(1994) "'Holding" and "Containing" in the Group and Society', in G.D. Brown and L. Zinkin (eds) The Psyche and the Social World, pp. 60-79. London: Routledge.
33.
Klein, M.
(1926) `The Psychological Principles of Early Analysis', reprinted in Love, Guilt and Reparation, pp. 128-138. London: Virago, 1988.
34.
Klein, M.
(1927) `Symposium on Child Analysis', reprinted in Love, Guilt and Reparation, pp. 139-169. London: Virago, 1988.
35.
Klein, M.
(1929) `Personification in the Play of Children', reprinted in Love, Guilt and Reparation, pp. 199-209. London: Virago, 1988.
36.
Leal, M.R.MA.
(1981) `Resistances and the Group-analytic Process', Group Analysis15(1): 97-110.
37.
Leal, M.R.M.
(1983) `Why Group Analysis Works', in M. Pines (ed.) The Evolution of Group Analysis, pp. 183-196. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
38.
Lewis, P.
(1987) `Laughter and Humour — Does it Have a Place in Group Analysis?'Group Analysis20(4): 367-378.
39.
Marrone, M.
(1984) `Aspects of Transference in Group Analysis', Group Analysis7(3): 179-194.
40.
Nitsun, M.
(1991) `The Anti-group: Destructive Forces in the Group and their Therapeutic Potential', Group Analysis24(1): 7-20.
41.
Nitsun, M.
(1994) `The Primal Scene in Group Analysis', in G.D. Brown and L. Zinkin (eds) The Psyche and the Social World, pp. 129-145. London: Routledge.
42.
Ogden, T.H.
(1994) Subjects of Analysis. London: Karnac.
43.
Perry, E.
(1955) `The Treatment of Aggressive Juvenile Delinquents in "Family Group Therapy"', International Journal of Group Psychotherapy5: 131.
44.
Piaget, J.
(1951) Play, Dreams and Imitation in Childhood, transl. C. Gattegno and F.M. Hodgson. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962.
45.
Phillips, A.
(1994) On Flirtation. London: Faber and Faber.
46.
Pines, M.
(1986) `Psychoanalysis, Psychodrama and Group Psychotherapy: Stepchildren of Vienna', Group Analysis19(2): 101-112.
47.
Pines, M.
(1994) `Borderline Phenomena in Analytic Groups', in V.L. Schermer and M. Pines (eds) The Ring of Fire, pp. 129-148. London: Routledge.
48.
Prodgers, A.
(1990) `The Dual Nature of the Group as Mother: the Uroboric Container'. Group Analysis23(1): 17-30.
49.
Rayner, E.
(1990) The Independent Mind in British Psychoanalysis. London: Free Association Books.
50.
Sameroff, A.J.
and Emde, R.N. (1989) Relationship Disturbances in Early Childhood. New York: Basic Books.
51.
Skynner, A.C.R.
(1986) `What is Effective in Group Psychotherapy?'Group Analysis19(1): 5-24.
52.
Smith, J.Z.
(1980) `Animals and Plants in Myth and Legend', Encyclopaedia Britannica. Macropaedia. USA: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
53.
Stem, D.
(1985) The Interpersonal World of the Infant. New York: Basic Books.
54.
Stemnberg, T.
(1982) `Defence Mechanisms and the Working Through of Resistances in Group Therapy', Group Analysis15(3): 261-277.
Tizard, B.
and Hughes, M. (1984) Young Children Learning. London: Fontana.
57.
Urwin, C.
(1988) `Margaret Lowenfeld', in C. Urwin and J. Hood-Williams (eds) Child Psychotherapy, War and the Normal Child: Selected Papers of Margaret Lowenfeld, pp. 3-139. London: Free Association Books.
58.
Watzlawick, P.
(1967) Pragmatics of Human Communication. New York: Norton.
59.
Winnicott, D.W.
(1935) `The Manic Defence', reprinted in Through Paediatrics to Psychoanalysis, pp. 129-144. London: Karnac Books and the Institute of Psychoanalysis, 1992.
60.
Winnicott, D.W.
(1948) `Paediatrics and Psychiatry', reprinted in Through Paediatrics to Psychoanalysis, pp. 157-173. London: Karnac Books and the Institute of Psychoanalysis, 1992.
61.
Winnicott, D.W.
(1951) `Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena', reprinted in Through Paediatrics to Psychoanalysis, pp. 229-242. London: Karnac Books and the Institute of Psychoanalysis, 1992.
62.
Winnicott, D.W.
(1952) `Psychoses and Child Care", reprinted in Through Paediatrics to Psychoanalysis, pp. 219-228. London: Karnac books and the Institute of Psychoanalysis, 1992.
63.
Winnicott, D.W.
(1955) `The Depressive Position in Normal Emotional Development', reprinted in Through Paediatrics to Psychoanalysis, pp. 262-277. London: Karnac Books and the Institute of Psychoanalysis, 1992.
64.
Winnicott, D.W.
(1964) The Child, the Family and the Outside World. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
65.
Winnicott, D.W.
(1972) Playing and Reality. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
66.
Wolff, S.
(1989) Childhood and Human Nature. London: Routledge.
