— As the greatest obstacle to the study of interstitial cystitis is the lack of agreement regarding its aetiology, we set up a diagnostic-therapeutic protocol based on clinical findings, physical examination, urodynamics, Parson's test, cystoscopic evaluation with hydrodistension and biopsy. 12 patients with interstitial cystitis and 10 controls were evaluated. 60% therapeutic success was obtained after only hydrodistension and antidepressant therapy.