Biomaterials in Orthopedic Surgery: Effects of a Nickel-Reduced Stainless Steel on in Vitro Proliferation and Activation of Human Osteoblasts

Abstract

A new austenitic stainless steel compound, P558, has been widely recognized to have good mechanical properties, excellent potential for corrosion resistance and negligible nickel ion release, making it a promising substitute for more expensive metallic prostheses with limited machinable features.

The effect of P558 was studied in vitro and human osteoblast- like cells (MG63) were cultured directly on P558, Ti6Al4V alloy (Ti), and polystyrene (Control) for 72 hours. Osteoblast functions were evaluated by assaying cell proliferation and synthetic activity after 1.25(OH)₂D₃ stimulation. Results demonstrated that growth of MG63 on P558 was not negatively affected when compared to the Ti and Control groups and showed no alteration in the production of ALP, NO and PICP. Moreover, IL-6 was lower, whereas OC and TGFß1 were significantly higher. SEM images revealed that cells proliferated and differentiated on P558 without any alteration in their morphology.

The current findings have demonstrated that P558 promotes osteoblast proliferation, activation and differentiation without negative effects and, thus, its good biocompatibility when used for orthopedic application.