Significance of Tortuous Filling Defects at Lumbar Myelography

Cressman M. R. Pawl R. P. : Serpentine myelographic defect caused by a redundant nerve root. J. Neurosurg. 28 (1968), 391.

Ehni G. Moiel R. H. Bragg T. G. : The ‘redundant’ or ‘knotted’ nerve root. A clue to spondylotic cauda equina radiculopathy. J. Neurosurg. 32 (1970), 252.

Fox J. : Redundant nerve roots in the cauda equina. J. Neurosurg. 30 (1969), 74.

Gardner N. J. : Quoted by Sorensen & Wirthlin 1975.

Gulati D. R. Rout D. : Myelographic block caused by redundant lumbar nerve root. J. Neurosurg. 38 (1973), 504.

Hanraets P. R. M. : The degenerative back and its differential diagnosis. Elsevier, Amsterdam, London, New York, Princeton 1959.

Kondo A. Koyama T. Ishikawa J. Hanakita J. Iwaki K. : Redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina. Acta neurochir. 42 (1978), 209.

De Lange S. A. : Eine Anomalie der Cauda equina bei einer achondroplastischen Frau. Acta neurochir. 16 (1967), 114.

Lombardi V. : Redundant nerve root of the cauda equina. Neurology 19 (1969), 1223.

Pau A. Turtas S. : Redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina. Acta neurochir. 33 (1976), 311.

Schut L. Groff R. A. : Redundant nerve roots as a cause of complete myelographic block. J. Neurosurg. 28 (1968), 394.

Sorensen B. F. Wirthlin A. J. : Redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina. Surg. Neurol. 3 (1975), 177.

Taveras J. A. Dalton C. J. : Myelographic aspects of vascular malformations of the spinal cord. Transactions of IX International Congress of Radiology, Munich 1959. Thieme, Stuttgart 1961.

Taveras J. A. Dalton C. J. Wood E. H. : Diagnostic neuroradiology. First edition. Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore 1964.

Thulin C.-A. Edner G. Fodstad H. Salford L. Svendgaard N. A. : Redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina. Acta neurochir. 41 (1978), 115.

Varughese G. : Extradural extrusion of roots of the cauda equina. Surg. Neurol. 5 (1976), 61.

Verbiest H. : A radicular syndrome from developmental narrowing of the lumbar vertebral canal. J. Bone Jt Surg. 36 B (1954), 230.

Wilson C. B. : Significance of the small lumbar spinal canal. Cauda equina compression. Syndromes due to spondylosis. Part 3: Intermittent claudication. J. Neurosurg. 31 (1969), 499.