Interventional radiology is becoming both more common and more complex. It is tending to replace many conventional surgical procedures because it is less costly and also carries low rates of morbidity and mortality. A minority of patients with solid tumours will develop conditions that are amenable to improvement with these techniques, especially obstruction of the urinary or biliary tracts, or of the oesophagus. This paper describes these procedures, and also discusses situations in which this kind of intervention is appropriate. In addition to the relief of obstruction of a hollow viscus, various techniques are being developed to allow percutaneous tumour ablation; it is likely that these will become more widespread in the future.
Keidan DR, Greenberg ER, Hoffman JP, Weese JLIs percutaneous nephrostomy for hydronephrosis appropriate in patients with advanced cancer?Am J Surg1988 ; 156: 206-208.
2.
Fallon B., Olney L., Culp DANephrostomy in cancer patients: to do or not to do. Br J Urol1980; 52237-42.
3.
Watkinson AF , A'Hern RP, Jones A, King DM, Moskovic EC. The role of percutaneous nephrostomy in malignant urinary tract obstruction. Clin Radiol1993; 47: 32-35.
4.
Rickards D, Jones S, Thomson KR, Rifkin MD, eds. Practical interventional uroradiology . London: Edward Arnold, 1993.
Lang EKNon-surgical treatment of ureteral fistulas. Semin Intervent Radiol1987; 4: 53-69.
7.
Adam A.Percutaneous biliary drainage for malignancy - an expanding field. Clin Radiol1990; 41:225-27.
8.
Gauderer Mwl , Ponsby JL, Izant RJGastrostomy without laparotomy: a percutaneous endoscopic technique. J Pediatr Surg1980; 15: 872-75.
9.
Moran BJ, Taylor MB, Johnson CDPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Br J Surg1990; 77: 858-62.
10.
Sachs BA, Vine MS, Palestrant AM, Ellison HP, Shropshire D., Lowe R.A non-operative technique for establishment of a gastrostomy in the dog. Invest Radiol1983; 18: 485-97.
11.
Russell TR, Brotman M., Norris F.Percutaneous gastrostomy: a new simplified and cost-effective technique. Am J Surg1984; 148: 132-37.
12.
Cadotte R., Leger C., Harel C., Belanger R.Bronchial angiography: a report of 21 patients. Can Assoc Radiol J1984; 37: 22-24.
13.
Uflacher R. , Kaemmerer A., Pion PD et al. Bronchial artery embolisation in the management of haemoptysis: technical aspects and long term results. Radiology1985 ; 157: 637-44.
14.
Stotl JF, Beltman MABronchial artery embolisation to control haemoptysis: a review. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol1988; 11: 263-69.
15.
Davenport D. , Ferree C., Blake D., Raben M.Radiation therapy in the treatment of superior vena cava obstruction. Cancer1978; 42: 2600-603.
16.
Sherry CS, Diamond NG, Meyers TP, Martin RLSuccessful treatment of superior vena cava syndrome by venous angioplasty . AJR1986; 147: 834-35.
17.
Rosch J., Bedell JE, Putman JS, Antovonvic R., Uchida BTGianturco expandable wire stents in the treatment of superior vena cava syndrome recurring after maximum tolerance radiation. Cancer1987; 60: 1243-46.
18.
Edwards RD, Cassidy J., Taylor A.Superior vena cava obstruction complicated by central venous thrombosis - treatment with thrombolysis and Gianturco-Z stents. Clin Radiol1992; 45: 278-80.
19.
Ebara M., Ohto M., Sugiura N. et al. Percutaneous ethanol injection for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma: study of 95 patients. Gastroenterology1990; 5: 616-26.
20.
Livragho T. , Vettori C., Lazzaroni S.Liver metastases: results of percutaneous ethanol injection in 14 patients. Radiology1991; 179: 709-12.
21.
Wallace S., Carrasio CH, Chansangavej, Richli WR, Wright K., Ganturo C.Hepatic artery infusion and chemoembolisation in the management of liver metastases . Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol1990; 13: 153-60.
22.
Rossi C., Ricci S., Boriani S. et al. Percutaneous transcatheter arterial embolisation of bone and soft tissue tumours. Skeletal Radiol1990; 19: 555-60.
23.
Alison DJ, Booth A.Arterial embolisation in the management of liver metastases. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol1990; 10: 161-68.
