The effects of Internet-based exercise compared with supervised group exercise in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study

Abstract

Objectives:

To compare the effects of Internet-based exercise on glycaemic control, blood lipids, body composition, physical activity level, functional capacity, and quality of life with supervised group exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Design:

Single-blind, randomized controlled study.

Setting:

A Faculty of Health Sciences.

Subjects:

A total of 65 patients with type 2 diabetes (47 women, 18 men).

Intervention:

Group A (n = 22), control group – physical activity counselling once with a brochure. Group B (n = 22), supervised group-based exercise, three days per week for eight weeks. Group C (n = 21), Internet-based exercise following the same programme via a website.

Main measures:

Primary outcomes – glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, high-density and low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and cholesterol. Secondary outcomes – waist and hip circumferences, body mass index, number of steps, six-minute walking test, and Euro-Quality of Life-5 Dimension.

Results:

After treatment, glycaemic control (mean change for Group B; Group C; –0.80%, –0.91%, P = 0.003), waist circumference (–4.23 cm, 5.64 cm, P = 0.006), and quality of life (0.26, 0.15, P = 0.013) significantly improved in both training groups compared with the control group. Fasting blood glucose (–46.86 mg/dL, P = 0.009) and hip circumference (–2.7 cm, P = 0.011) were significantly decreased in Group B and total cholesterol (–16.4 mg/dL, P = 0.028), six-minute walking distance (30.5 m, P = 0.01), and number of steps (1258.05, P = 0.023) significantly improved in Group C compared with control group. Group B and Group C changed with equal magnitude.

Conclusion:

In type 2 diabetes, supervised group-based and Internet-based exercise can improve equally glycaemic control, waist circumference, and quality of life, and both are better than simply counselling.