Despite the role friendship can play in the physical and mental health of adults, little is known about its relationship with suicidality. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review on adult friendship and suicidality in Medline, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Library from inception to April 9, 2024. We used a combination of keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms to find studies reporting on the themes of suicidality and adult friendship. We summarized key findings on the association between friendship and suicidality. We identified only 43 studies on adult friendship and suicidality. The study designs, goals, measurements, and populations were highly heterogeneous, and friendship was not measured consistently. Nevertheless, most studies (60.5% or 26 out of 43 unique studies) found friendship was protective against suicidality. This review highlights the inconsistent measurement of friendship and lack of conceptualization of friendship. Yet, friendship appears to be protective against suicidality. Further study is needed to understand the relationship between friendship and suicide.
AartsenM.JylhäM. (2011). Onset of loneliness in older adults: Results of a 28 year prospective study. European Journal of Ageing, 8(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-011-0175-7
2.
AboagyeR. G.AhinkorahB. O.SeiduA. A.OkyereJ.FrimpongJ. B.KumarM. (2022). In-school adolescents’ loneliness, social support, and suicidal ideation in sub-Saharan Africa: Leveraging global school health data to advance mental health focus in the region. PLoS One, 17(11), Article e0275660. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275660
AmerN. R. Y.Hamdan-MansourA. M. (2014). Psychosocial predictors of suicidal ideation in patients diagnosed with chronic illnesses in Jordan. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 35(11), 864–871. https://doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2014.917752
6.
AnderssonH. W.LilleengS. E.RuudT.OseS. O. (2022). Suicidal ideation in patients with mental illness and concurrent substance use: Analyses of national census data in Norway. BMC Psychiatry, 22(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03663-8
7.
ArensonM.BernatE.De Los ReyesA.NeylanT. C.CohenB. E. (2021). Social support, social network size, and suicidal ideation: A nine-year longitudinal analysis from the Mind Your Heart Study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 135, 318–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.017
8.
Balcı ŞengülM. C.KayaV.ŞenC. A.KayaK. (2014). Association between suicidal ideation and behavior, and depression, anxiety, and perceived social support in cancer patients. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 20, 329–336. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.889989
9.
BecofskyK. M.ShookR. P.SuiX.WilcoxS.LavieC. J.BlairS. N. (2015). Influence of the source of social support and size of social network on all-cause mortality. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 90(7), 895–902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.04.007
10.
BellC. M.RidleyJ. A.OverholserJ. C.YoungK.AtheyA.LehmannJ.PhillipsK. (2018). The role of perceived burden and social support in suicide and depression. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 48(1), 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12327
11.
BerkmanL. F.GlassT.BrissetteI.SeemanT. E. (2000). From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Social Science & Medicine, 51(6), 843–857. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00065-4
12.
BerkmanL. F.KrishnaA.KawachiI.GlymourM. M. (2014). Social network epidemiology. In BerkmanL. F.KawachiI.GlymourM. M. (Eds.), Social epidemiology (2nd ed., pp. 234–289). Chapter 7. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195377903.001.0001
13.
BhatiaR.HirschC.ArnoldA. M.NewmanA. B.MukamalK. J. (2023). Social networks, social support, and life expectancy in older adults: The cardiovascular health study. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 111, Article 104981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2023.104981
14.
BilelloD.TownsendE.BroomeM. R.ArmstrongG.HeyesS. B. (2024). Friendships and peer relationships and self-harm ideation and behaviour among young people: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 11(8), 633–657. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(24)00170-6
15.
BosleC.BrennerH.FischerJ. E.JarczokM. N.SchöttkerB.PernaL.HoffmanK.HerrR. M. (2022). The association between supportive social ties and autonomic nervous system function—differences between family ties and friendship ties in a cohort of older adults. European Journal of Ageing, 19(2), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-021-00638-2
16.
BushmanB. B.Holt-LunstadJ. (2009). Understanding social relationship maintenance among friends: Why we don't end those frustrating friendships. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(6), 749–778. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2009.28.6.749
17.
CabelloM.MiretM.Ayuso-MateosJ. L.CaballeroF. F.ChatterjiS.Tobiasz-AdamczykB.HaroJ. M.KoskinenS.LeonardiM.BorgesG. (2020). Cross-national prevalence and factors associated with suicide ideation and attempts in older and young-and-middle age people. Aging & Mental Health, 24(9), 1533–1542. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1603284
18.
CarstensenL. L. (1992). Motivation for social contact across the life span: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 40, 209–254. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1340521/
19.
CarterS. P.AllredK. M.TuckerR. P.SimpsonT. L.ShipherdJ. C.LehavotK. (2019). Discrimination and suicidal ideation among transgender veterans: The role of social support and connection. LGBT Health, 6(2), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2018.0239
20.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Preventing adverse childhood experiences: Leveraging the best available evidence. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://cantasd.acf.hhs.gov/wp-content/uploads/preventingACES.pdf
21.
ChangQ.ChanC. H.YipP. S. (2017). A meta-analytic review on social relationships and suicidal ideation among older adults. Social Science & Medicine, 191, 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.09.003
22.
ChangQ.ShaF.ChanC. H.YipP. S. (2018). Validation of an abbreviated version of the Lubben Social Network Scale (“LSNS-6”) and its associations with suicidality among older adults in China. PLoS One, 13(8), Article e0201612. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201612
23.
ChenY.-L.JianC.-R.ChangY.-P.ChaoS.-R.YenC.-F. (2023). Association of loneliness with suicide risk and depression in individuals with schizophrenia: Moderating effects of self-esteem and perceived support from families and friends. Schizophrenia, 9(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-023-00368-7
24.
ChopikW. J. (2017). Associations among relational values, support, health, and well‐being across the adult lifespan. Personal Relationships, 24(2), 408–422. https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12187
25.
DempseyC. L.BenedekD. M.NockM. K.ZuromskiK. L.BrentD. A.AoJ.AliagaP. A.HeeringaS. G.KesslerR. C.SteinM. B.UrsanoR. J. (2021). Social closeness and support are associated with lower risk of suicide among US Army soldiers. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 51(5), 940–954. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12778
26.
De VogliR.ChandolaT.MarmotM. G. (2007). Negative aspects of close relationships and heart disease. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167(18), 1951–1957. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.18.1951
27.
DurkheimÉ. (1897). Étude de sociologie. Alcan.
28.
EjdesgaardB. A.ZøllnerL.JensenB. F.JørgensenH.-O.KählerH. (2015). Risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among deployed Danish soldiers from 1990 to 2009. Military Medicine, 180(1), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00353
29.
FairweatherA. K.AnsteyK. J.RodgersB.ButterworthP. (2006). Factors distinguishing suicide attempters from suicide ideators in a community sample: Social issues and physical health problems. Psychological Medicine, 36(9), 1235–1245. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291706007823
30.
FariaM.SantosM. R.SargentoP.BrancoM. (2020). The role of social support in suicidal ideation: A comparison of employed vs. unemployed people. Journal of Mental Health, 29(1), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1487538
31.
FioriK. L.WindsorT. D.HuxholdO. (2020). The increasing importance of friendship in late life: Understanding the role of sociohistorical context in social development. Gerontology, 66(3), 286–294. https://doi.org/10.1159/000505547
HallerM.AngkawA. C.HendricksB. A.NormanS. B. (2016). Does reintegration stress contribute to suicidal ideation among returning veterans seeking PTSD treatment?Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 46(2), 160–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12181
34.
HartupW. W.StevensN. (1999). Friendships and adaptation across the life span. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8(3), 76–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00018
35.
HeikkinenM. E.AroH. M.LönnqvistJ. K. (1994). Recent life events, social support and suicide. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 89(377, Suppl), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05805.x
36.
HeikkinenM. E.IsometsäE. T.HenrikssonM. M.MarttunenM. J.AroH. M.LönnqvistJ. K. (1997). Psychosocial factors and completed suicide in personality disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 95(1), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1997.tb00373.x
37.
HeikkinenM. E.LönnqvistJ. K. (1995). Recent life events in elderly suicide: A nationwide study in Finland. International Psychogeriatrics, 7(2), 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610295002043
38.
HeinzeJ. E.KrugerD. J.ReischlT. M.CupalS.ZimmermanM. A. (2015). Relationships among disease, social support, and perceived health: A lifespan approach. American Journal of Community Psychology, 56(3-4), 268–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-015-9758-3
39.
HigginsJ. P. T.LiT.DeeksJ. J. (2023). Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect. In HigginsJ. P. T.ThomasJ.ChandlerJ.CumpstonM.LiT.PageM. J.WelchV. A. (Eds.), Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Cochrane. Version 6.5, Chapter 6. https://training.cochrane.org/handbook/current/chapter-06
40.
Holt-LunstadJ. (2017). Friendship and health. In HojjatM.MoyerA. (Eds.), The psychology of friendship (pp. 233–248). Oxford University Press.
41.
Holt-LunstadJ. (2024). Social connection as a critical factor for mental and physical health: Evidence, trends, challenges, and future implications. World Psychiatry: Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 23(3), 312–332. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21224
42.
Holt-LunstadJ.SmithT. B.LaytonJ. B. (2010). Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review. PLoS Medicine, 7(7), Article e1000316. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316
43.
Holt-LunstadJ.UchinoB. N. (2019). Social ambivalence and disease (SAD): A theoretical model aimed at understanding the health implications of ambivalent relationships. Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 14(6), 941–966. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619861392
44.
HylandP.ShevlinM.CloitreM.KaratziasT.VallièresF.McGintyG.FoxR.PowerJ. M. (2019). Quality not quantity: Loneliness subtypes, psychological trauma, and mental health in the US adult population. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 54(9), 1089–1099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1597-8
45.
JeongS. H.ChunB. C. (2019). Individual and regional factors associated with suicidal ideation among Korean elderly: A multilevel analysis of the Korea community health survey. Epidemiology and Health, 41, Article e2019022. https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019022
46.
JianC.-R.WangP.-W.LinH.-C.HuangM.-F.YehY.-C.LiuT.-L.ChenC.-S.LinY.-P.LeeS.-Y.ChenC.-H.WangY.-C.ChangY.-P.ChenY.-L.YenC.-F. (2022). Association between self-stigma and suicide risk in individuals with schizophrenia: Moderating effects of self-esteem and perceived support from friends. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), Article 15071. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215071
47.
KalichmanS. C.HeckmanT.KochmanA.SikkemaK.BergholteJ. (2000). Depression and thoughts of suicide among middle-aged and older persons living with HIV-AIDS. Psychiatric Services, 51(7), 903–907. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.51.7.903
48.
KannanV. D.VeazieP. J. (2023). US trends in social isolation, social engagement, and companionship-nationally and by age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income, and work hours, 2003–2020. SSM - population health, 21, Article 101331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101331
49.
KaslowN. J.SherryA.BetheaK.WyckoffS.ComptonM. T.GrallM. B.SchollL.PriceA. W.KellermanA.ThompsonN.ParkerR. (2005). Social risk and protective factors for suicide attempts in low income African American men and women. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 35(4), 400–412. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2005.35.4.400
50.
KhanH.ZhangS.GutowskiE.JessaniS. N.KaslowN. J. (2021). Does social support moderate between depression and suicidal ideation in low-income African Americans?American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 91(5), 617–625. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000561
51.
KillickE.DesaiA. (2010). Introduction: Valuing friendship. In KillickE.DesaiA. (Eds.), The ways of friendship: Anthropological perspectives (NED-New) (1, pp. 1–19). Berghahn Books. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qcpg8.4
52.
KimB. J.KihlT. (2021). Suicidal ideation associated with depression and social support: A survey-based analysis of older adults in South Korea. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 409. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03423-8
53.
KimM.LeeY.-H. (2018). Gender-specific factors related to suicidal ideation among community-dwelling stroke survivors: The 2013 Korean Community Health Survey. PLoS One, 13(8), Article e0201717. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201717
54.
KimM. J. (2021). Acculturation, social support and suicidal ideation among Asian immigrants in the United States. SSM - Population Health, 14, Article 100778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100778
55.
KleimanE. M.LiuR. T. (2013). Social support as a protective factor in suicide: Findings from two nationally representative samples. Journal of Affective Disorders, 150(2), 540–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.033
56.
KleinB.ShandleyK.McLarenS.ClinnickL.NguyenH. V. (2023). Suicidality among older Australian adults. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, Article 992884. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.992884
57.
KlimC.GanoczyD.PfeifferP. N. (2020). Associations between the NIH toolbox adult social relationship scales and suicidal ideation. Community Mental Health Journal, 56(1), 186–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-019-00483-9
LefevorG. T.McGrawJ. S.SkidmoreS. J. (2022). Suicidal ideation among active and nonactive/former Latter‐day Saint sexual minorities. Journal of Community Psychology, 50(1), 445–464. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22591
60.
LeombruniP.Lo MoroG.BertF.SiliquiniR. (2021). Suicidal ideation among Italian medical students: Prevalence and associated factors from a multicenter study. Annali Dell’Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, 57(4), 324–329. https://doi.org/10.4415/ANN_21_04_07
61.
LuH.-F.ShengW.-H.LiaoS.-C.ChangN.-T.WuP.-Y.YangY.-L.HsiaoF.-H. (2019). The changes and the predictors of suicide ideation and suicide attempt among HIV‐positive patients at 6–12 months post diagnosis: A longitudinal study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 75(3), 573–584. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13883
62.
MarverJ. E.GalfalvyH. C.BurkeA. K.SubletteM. E.OquendoM. A.MannJ. J.GrunebaumM. F. (2017). Friendship, depression, and suicide attempts in adults: Exploratory analysis of a longitudinal follow-up study. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 47(6), 660–671. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12329
63.
McClellandH.EvansJ. J.NowlandR.FergusonE.O’ConnorR. C. (2020). Loneliness as a predictor of suicidal ideation and behaviour: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 880–896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.004
64.
MeadowsL. A.KaslowN. J.ThompsonM. P.JurkovicG. J. (2005). Protective factors against suicide attempt risk among African American women experiencing intimate partner violence. American Journal of Community Psychology, 36(1–2), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-005-6236-3
65.
MendelsonM. J.AboudF. E. (1999). Measuring friendship quality in late adolescents and young adults: McGill friendship questionnaires. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue Canadienne des Sciences du Comportement, 31(2), 130–132. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0087080
NaghaviM.Global Burden of Disease Self-HarmCollaborators. (2019). Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016: Systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. BMJ, 364, l94. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l94
68.
NguyenA. W.TaylorR. J.ChattersL. M.TaylorH. O.LincolnK. D.MitchellU. A. (2017). Extended family and friendship support and suicidality among African Americans. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 52(3), 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1309-1
69.
NieG.DuJ.LiuJ.YuanL.MaZ. (2020). Job stress and suicidal ideation among Chinese clinicians: The moderating role of social support. The Journal of General Psychology, 147(2), 109–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2019.1640657
70.
NorrisF. H.KaniastyK. (1996). Received and perceived social support in times of stress: A test of the social support deterioration deterrence model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(3), 498–511. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.71.3.498
OttenD.ErnstM.TibubosA. N.BrählerE.FleischerT.SchomerusG.WildP. S.ZoellerD.BinderH.KruseJ.JoharH.AtasoyS.GrabeH. J.LadwigK. H.MuenzelT.VoelzkeH.KoenigJ.BeutelM. E. (2022). Does social support prevent suicidal ideation in women and men? Gender-Sensitive analyses of an important protective factor within prospective community cohorts. Journal of Affective Disorders, 306, 157–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.031
73.
PakalukM. (Ed.), (1991). Other selves: Philosophers on friendship. Hackett Publishing.
74.
PapadopoulouA.EfstathiouV.YotsidiV.PominiV.MichopoulosI.MarkopoulouE.PapadopoulouM.TsigkaropoulouE.KalemiG.TournikiotiK.DouzenisA.GournellisR. (2021). Suicidal ideation during COVID-19 lockdown in Greece: Prevalence in the community, risk and protective factors. Psychiatry Research, 297, 113713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113713
75.
ParkerJ. G.AsherS. R. (1993). Friendship and friendship quality in middle childhood: Links with peer group acceptance and feelings of loneliness and social dissatisfaction. Developmental Psychology, 29(4), 611–621. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.29.4.611
76.
PateA. R.DeShongH. L.StaffordT. W. D.NadorffM. R. (2023). Impact of social support on suicidal ideation and attempts among gender minority adults. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 96(1), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/00914150221128972
PezirkianidisC.GalanakiE.RaftopoulouG.MoraitouD.StalikasA. (2023). Adult friendship and wellbeing: A systematic review with practical implications. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1059057. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1059057
79.
PiehC.ProbstT.BudimirS.HumerE. (2021). Associations between relationship quality and mental health during COVID-19 in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 2869. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062869
80.
Poudel-TandukarK.NanriA.MizoueT.MatsushitaY.TakahashiY.NodaM.InoueM.TsuganeS. (2011). Social support and suicide in Japanese men and women – the Japan Public Health Center (JPHC)-based prospective study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45(12), 1545–1550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.07.009
81.
RasuloD.ChristensenK.TomassiniC. (2005). The influence of social relations on mortality in later life: A study on elderly Danish twins. The Gerontologist, 45(5), 601–608. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/45.5.601
82.
RoseA. J.CarlsonW.WallerE. M. (2007). Prospective associations of co-rumination with friendship and emotional adjustment: Considering the socioemotional trade-offs of co-rumination. Developmental Psychology, 43(4), 1019–1031. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.4.1019
83.
RuanH.ShenK.ChenF. (2022). Negative life events, social ties, and depressive symptoms for older adults in China. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, Article 774434. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.774434
84.
SaitoM.WatanabeR.TamadaY.TakeuchiK.TaniY.KondoK.OjimaT. (2024). Social disconnection and suicide mortality among Japanese older adults: A seven-year follow-up study. Social Science & Medicine, 347, Article 116778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116778
85.
SeidlerZ. E.WilsonM. J.OliffeJ. L.FisherK.O’ConnorR.PirkisJ.RiceS. M. (2023). Suicidal ideation in men during COVID-19: An examination of protective factors. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04539-9
SharifianN.KraalA. Z.ZaheedA. B.SolK.ZahodneL. B. (2020). The longitudinal association between social network composition and episodic memory in older adulthood: The importance of contact frequency with friends. Aging & Mental Health, 24(11), 1789–1795. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1660850
88.
SherL. (2019). Resilience as a focus of suicide research and prevention. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 140(2), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13059
89.
SilvaC.McGovernC.GomezS.BealeE.OverholserJ.RidleyJ. (2023). Can I count on you? Social support, depression and suicide risk. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 30(6), 1407–1415. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2883
90.
SlavichG. M. (2020). Social safety theory: A biologically based evolutionary perspective on life stress, health, and behavior. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 16(1), 265–295. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045159
91.
SmallR.TaftA. J.BrownS. J. (2011). The power of social connection and support in improving health: Lessons from social support interventions with childbearing women. BMC Public Health, 11(Suppl 5), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-S5-S4
SparksS.MitchellS. M.LeDucM. K. (2023). Association between perceived social support and suicide ideation distress among psychiatric inpatients: The role of thwarted interpersonal needs. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 79(5), 1467–1479. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23493
94.
SuppapitipornS.ThavichachartN.SuppapitipornS. (2004). Social support in depressed patients who attempted suicide. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet Thangphaet, 87(Suppl 2), S266–S271. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16083200/
95.
SzantoK.DombrovskiA. Y.SahakianB. J.MulsantB. H.HouckP. R.ReynoldsC. F.ClarkL. (2012). Social emotion recognition, social functioning, and attempted suicide in late-life depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(3), 257–265. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e31820eea0c
96.
TaylorS. E. (2006). Tend and befriend: Biobehavioral bases of affiliation under stress. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(6), 273–277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00451.x
97.
TebbeE. A.MoradiB. (2016). Suicide risk in trans populations: An application of minority stress theory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(5), 520–533. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000152
98.
TektonidouM. G.DasguptaA.WardM. M. (2011). Suicidal ideation among adults with arthritis: Prevalence and subgroups at highest risk. Data from the 2007–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Care & Research, 63(9), 1322–1333. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.20516
99.
TeoA. R.ChoiH.ValensteinM. (2013). Social relationships and depression: Ten-year follow-up from a nationally representative study. PLoS One, 8(4), Article e62396. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062396
100.
ThomasP. A. (2010). Is it better to give or to receive? Social support and the well-being of older adults. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65B(3), 351–357. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp113
101.
ThompsonA.SmithM. A.McNeillA.PolletT. V. (2024). Friendships, loneliness and psychological wellbeing in older adults: A limit to the benefit of the number of friends. Ageing and Society, 44(5), 1090–1115. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X22000666
102.
ThompsonM. P.KaslowN. J.ShortL. M.WyckoffS. (2002). The mediating roles of perceived social support and resources in the self-efficacy-suicide attempts relation among African American abused women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(4), 942–949. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.70.4.942
103.
TriccoA. C.LillieE.ZarinW.O'BrienK. K.ColquhounH.LevacD.MoherD.PetersM. D. J.HorsleyT.WeeksL.HempelS.AklE. A.ChangC.McGowanJ.StewartL.HartlingL.AldcroftA.WilsonM. G.GarrittyC.StrausS. E. (2018). PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(7), 467–473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850
104.
TrujilloM. A.PerrinP. B.SutterM.TabaacA.BenotschE. G. (2017). The buffering role of social support on the associations among discrimination, mental health, and suicidality in a transgender sample. International Journal of Transgenderism, 18(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2016.1247405
105.
TurveyC. L.ConwellY.JonesM. P.PhillipsC.SimonsickE.PearsonJ. L.WallaceR. (2002). Risk factors for late-life suicide: A prospective community-based study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 10(4), 398–406. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajgp.10.4.398
106.
Van OrdenK. A.WitteT. K.CukrowiczK. C.BraithwaiteS. R.SelbyE. A.JoinerT. E.Jr. (2010). The interpersonal theory of suicide. Psychological Review, 117(2), 575–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018697
107.
ViethG.RothmanA. J.SimpsonJ. A. (2022). Friendship loss and dissolution in adulthood: A conceptual model. Current Opinion in Psychology, 43, 171–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.07.007
108.
WickramaratneP. J.YangchenT.LepowL.PatraB. G.GlicksburgB.TalatiA.AdekkanattuP.RyuE.BiernackaJ. M.CharneyA.MannJ. J.PathakJ.OlfsonM.WeissmanM. M. (2022). Social connectedness as a determinant of mental health: A scoping review. PLoS One, 17(10), Article e0275004. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275004
YoonS.CummingsS.NugentW. R.Forrest-BankS. (2020). Protective factors against suicidal ideation among community-dwelling older adults with experience of spousal physical abuse: Focusing on direct and indirect protections. Aging & Mental Health, 24(11), 1854–1863. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1636208
111.
ZhangD.YangY.WuM.ZhaoX.SunY.XieH.LiH.LiY.WangK.ZhangJ.JiaJ.SuY. (2018). The moderating effect of social support on the relationship between physical health and suicidal thoughts among Chinese rural elderly: A nursing home sample. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 27(5), 1371–1382. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12436
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
