This article argues for a political ethics of care to balance New Labour's current preoccupation with the ethic of paid work. However, care as a practice invokes different experiences, meanings, contexts and multiple relations of power. With this in mind, the article traces the development of the concept of care taking up, in particular, challenges and differences raised by disability, ‘race’ and migration. These offer important insights for a new political ethics of care whose key dimensions are spelled out in the final part of the article.
Ahmad, W. and Atkin, K. (eds) (1996) ‘Race’ and Community Care. Buckingham: Open University Press.
2.
Anderson, B. (2000) Doing the Dirty Work. Zed Press: London.
3.
Beishon, S., Virdee, S. and Hagell, A. (1995) Nursing in a Multi-Ethnic NHS. London: Policy Studies Institute.
4.
Browne, A. (2001) ‘Abused, threatened, trapped—Britain's foreign slave nurses', The Observer, 27 May 2001, p.5-5.
5.
Bryson, C., Budd, T., Lewis, J. and Elam, G. (2000) Women's Attitudes to Combining Paid Work and Family Life. London: The Women's Unit, Cabinet Office.
6.
Chamba, R., Ahmad, W., Hirst, M., Lawton, D. and Beresford, B. (1999) On the Edge: Minority Ethnic Families Caring for a Severely Disabled Child. Bristol: JRF/Policy Press.
7.
Chamberlain, M. (ed.) (1998) Caribbean Migration: Globalised Identities. London: Routledge.
8.
Daly, M. and Lewis, J. (2000) ‘The concept of social care and the analysis of contemporary welfare states’, British Journal of Sociology52(2): 281–298.
9.
Department of Trade and Industry (2000) Work and Parents: Competitiveness and Choice. London: DTI.
10.
Finch, J. (1989) Family Obligations and Social Change. Cambridge: Polity Press.
11.
Finkelstein, V. (1991) ‘Disability: an administrative challenge? (the health and welfare heritage’ in M. Oliver (ed.) Social Work: Disabled People and Disabling Environments. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
12.
Finkelstein, V. (1998) ‘Re-thinking care in a society providing equal opportunities for all’, Discussion Paper prepared for the World Health Organisation. Milton Keynes: Open University.
13.
Gardiner, J. (2000) ‘Rethinking self-sufficiency: employment, families and welfare’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 24(6): 671–689.
14.
Gershuny, J. (2000) Changing Times: Work and Leisure in Post-Industrial Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
15.
Gilligan, C. (1982) In a Different Voice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
16.
Glover, S., Gott, C., Loizillon, A., Portes, J., Price, R., Spencer, S., Srinivasan, V. and Willis, C. (2001) Migration: An Economic and Social Analysis, RDS Occasional Paper 67. Home Office: London.
17.
Good Housekeeping (2000) Good Housekeeping Timesaver Campaign, Good Housekeeping September, pp. 54–58.
18.
Graham, H. (1983) ‘Caring: a labour of love’, in J. Finch and D. Groves (eds) A Labour of Love: Women, Work and Caring. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
19.
Gunaratnam, Y. (1990) ‘Breaking the silence: Asian carers in Britain’, in J. Bornat, C. Pereira, D. Pilgrim and F. Williams (1993) Community Care: A Reader. London: Macmillan.
20.
Hochschild, A. (2000) ‘The nanny chain’, American Prospect, 3 Jan.
21.
Home Office (1998) Supporting Families. London: Home Office.
22.
Kofman, E., Phizacklea, A., Raghuram, P. and Sales, R. (2000) Gender & International Migration in Europe: Employment, Welfare & Politics. London: Routledge.
23.
McLeod, M., Owen, D. and Khamis, C. (2001) Black & Minority Ethnic Voluntary and Community Organisations: Their Role and Future Development in England and Wales. London: Policy Studies Institute.
24.
Morris, J. (1991) Pride Against Prejudice: Transforming Attitudes to Disability. London: Women's Press.
25.
Morris, J. (1993) Independent Lives? Community Care and Disabled People. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
26.
National Family and Parenting Institute (2000) Is Britain Family-Friendly?www.nfpi.org.uk/data/research.
27.
Oliver, M. (1990) The Politics of Disablement. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
28.
Oliver, M. and Barnes, C. (1991) ‘Discrimination, disability and welfare: from needs to rights’, in I. Bynoe, M. Oliver and C. Barnes (eds) Equal Rights and Disabled People: The Case for a New Law. London: Institute for Public Policy Research.
29.
Pahl, R. (2000) On Friendship. Cambridge: Polity Press.
30.
Pillinger, J. (2000) ‘Redefining work and welfare in Europe: new perspectives on work, welfare and time’ in G. Lewis, S. Gerwirtz and J. Clarke (eds) Rethinking Social Policy. London: Sage.
31.
Priestley, M. (1999) Disabled Politics and Community Care. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
32.
Reynolds, T. (1998) ‘Afro-Caribbean mothering: re-constructing a “new” identity’, PhD thesis. London: South Bank University, unpublished.
33.
Sevenhuijsen, S. (1998) Citizenship and the Ethics of Care. London: Routledge.
34.
Shakespeare, T. (2000) Help. Venture Press: Birmingham.
35.
Silvers, A. (1995) ‘Reconciling equality to difference: caring (f)or justice for people with disabilities’, Hypatia, 10(1): 30–3355.
36.
Social Services Inspectorate (2000) ‘A Jigsaw of Services’, April 2000, Department of Health. London: The Stationery Office.
37.
Travis, A. (2000) ‘Open the door’, The Guardian, 20 June:5-5.
38.
Tronto, J. (1993) Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care. Routledge: London.
39.
Ungerson, C. (1999) ‘Personal assistants and disabled people: an examination of a hybrid form of work and care’, Work, Employment and Society, 13(4): 583–600.
40.
Ungerson, C. (2000) ‘Thinking about the production and consumption of long-term care in Britain: does gender still matter’, Journal of Social Policy, 29(4): 623–644.
41.
Wates, M. (1997) Disabled Parenting. Dispelling the Myths. Oxford: NCT Publishing with the Radcliffe Medical Press.
42.
Wates, M. (2000) ‘Young Careers: Disabled Parents Perspectives’. www.disabledparentsnetwork.org.uk
43.
Weeks, J., Donovan, C. and Heaphy, B. (1996) Families of Choice: Patterns of Non-Heterosexual Relationships—A Literature Review. Social Sciences Research Papers, 2. London: South Bank University.
44.
Williams, F. (1989) Social Policy: A Critical Introduction. Cambridge: Polity Press.
45.
Williams, F. (1999) ‘Good-enough principles for welfare’, Journal of Social Policy, 28(4): 667–687.
46.
Williams, F. (2000) ‘Travels with Nanny, Destination Good Enough. A Personal/Intellectual Journey through the Welfare State’, Inaugural Lecture, University of Leeds, May 11, www.leeds.ac.uk/sociologyandsocialpolicy.
47.
Williams, F. (2001) ‘Trends in Women's Employment, Domestic Service, and Female Migration in Europe: An Uncomfortable MÈnage ‡ Trois’, paper presented to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Colloquium, ‘Solidarity between the Sexes and the Generations: Transformations in Europe’, June 28 and 29, Amsterdam.
48.
Wood, R. (1991) ‘Care of disabled people’ in G. Dalley (ed.) Disability and Social Policy, pp. 199–202. London: Policy Studies Institute.
49.
Yeandle, S. (1999) ‘Supporting Employed Carers: New Jobs, New Services?’ESRC Seminar Series: The Interface between Public Policy and Gender Equality, CRESR, Sheffield Hallam University.
50.
Yuval Davis, N. (1999) ‘What is “transversal politics”?’, Soundings, Issue 12, Summer: 88–190.