Microbiota awareness is related to Mediterranean diet adherence and probiotic consumption in a Turkish adult population: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background

Gut microbiota plays an essential role in metabolic and immune functions, and its composition is influenced by diet and probiotic intake. The Mediterranean diet (MD) improves microbiota diversity and health outcomes. However, the association between microbiota awareness, MD adherence, and probiotic consumption among adults is underexplored.

Aim

This study aimed to examine the relationship between MD adherence, microbiota awareness, and probiotic consumption among adults aged 18–64 years in the central district of Kırklareli, Türkiye.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 420 individuals familiar with the term “probiotic.” Data were collected via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire including sociodemographic data, dietary habits, physical activity, anthropometrics, probiotic use, the Microbiota Awareness Scale (MAS), and the MD Adherence Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used.

Results

Among participants, 45% showed high MD adherence. Higher MAS scores were observed in females, those aged 26–35, with normal BMI, or prior nutrition education. Regular probiotic consumers had significantly higher MD adherence (p = 0.011) and MAS scores (p = 0.000). A weak but significant correlation was found between MAS and MD adherence (r = 0.120, p = 0.014). Awareness of probiotic microorganisms and consumption for digestive, immune, or cancer-related benefits were also associated with greater MAS and MD scores.

Conclusion

Microbiota awareness is positively associated with probiotic consumption and MD adherence. Increasing microbiota literacy could potentially inform future dietary education strategies.