Prevalence and predictive factors of malnutrition in Thai children with congenital heart disease and short-term postoperative growth outcomes

Abstract

Background: Growth restriction is still a common problem in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Evidence demonstrates that performing cardiac surgery in appropriate timing may result in better growth outcome. Aim: To investigate prevalence and associated factors of malnutrition in pediatric patients with CHD who underwent cardiac surgery. In addition, post-operative growth outcomes at two weeks following cardiac surgery were also assessed. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in pediatric patients who underwent cardiac surgery at Chiang Mai University Hospital between January and September 2014. Results: One hundred patients with a median age of 28.5 months (range 14–62 months) were enrolled. Two-third of these patients had at least one form of malnutrition before receiving surgical treatment while wasting, stunting and combined wasting-stunting accounted for 23%, 28%, and 15% of patients, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that congestive heart failure-related symptoms were significantly associated with increasing risk of malnutrition (adjusted OR 4.4; 95% CI 1.78–11.26, p = 0.001). Two weeks after hospital discharge, wasting patients with regardless of stunting had significantly improved weight for height (WHZ) and weight for length Z-scores (WLZ) compared to growth parameters at the time of cardiac surgery, p = 0.012 and p < 0.001, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition in pediatric patients with CHD who underwent cardiac surgery was very high in this study. Children with congestive heart failure had a four-time at risk of undernutrition. In short-term, cardiac surgery may mitigate acute malnutrition of these patients.