With the aging of most Western populations, there is growing research attention to the social and behavioral aspects of age-related chronic diseases and disabilities. Research is just beginning to focus on how families and other social supports affect and are affected by Alzheimer's Disease and related disorders. This article reviews the current state of knowledge in this area and suggests a future research agenda.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Branch, L. G.
and A. M. Jette1982"A prospective study of long-term care institutionalization among the aged."Amer. J. of Public Health72: 1373-1379.
2.
Broadhead, W. E.et al.1983"The epidemiologic evidence for a relationship between social support and health."Amer. J. of Epidemiology117: 521-537.
3.
Brody, E. M.
1983 "Testimony on the effects of Alzheimer's disease on caregiving families." Presented to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, and the Select Committee on Aging, Sub-committee on Long-Term Care, August.
4.
forthcoming Mental and Physical Health Practices of Older People: A Guide for Health Professionals. New York: Springer.
5.
Brody, E. M.
, P. T. Johnsen, M. C. Fulcomer, and A. M. Lang1983"Women's changing roles and help to elderly parents: attitudes of three generations of women."J. of Gerontology38: 597-607.
6.
Brody, J. A.
and D. B. Brock forthcoming "Epidemiologic and Statistical characteristics of the U.S. elderly population," in C. E. Finch and E. L. Schneider (eds.) Handbook of the Biology of Aging. New York: Van Reinhold.
7.
Brotman, H. B.
1982 "Every ninth American: an analysis for the Chairmen of the Select Committee on Aging, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress (second session)." Comm. Pub. No. 97-332. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
8.
Cantor, M. H.1979"Neighbors and friends: an overlooked resource in the informal support system."Research on Aging1: 434-463.
9.
Cohen, D.1982"Issues in psychological diagnosis and management of the cognitively impaired aged," in C. Eisdorfer and E. Fann (eds.) Clinical Psychopharmacology. New York: Springer.
10.
Cohen, D.
, D. B. Coppel, and C. Eisdorfer1983"Psychotherapeutic approaches: management of the family," in B. Reisberg (ed.) Alzheimer's Disease. New York: Free Press.
11.
Comptroller General of the United States1977aReport to Congress: The Well-Being of Older People in Cleveland, Ohio. Washington, DC: General Accounting Office.
12.
1977bReport to Congress on Home Health-The Need for National Policy to Better Provide for the Elderly. Washington, DC: General Accounting Office.
13.
Dobrofr, L. E.1977Maintenance of Family Ties of Long-Term Care Patients. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
14.
Dunlop, B. D.1980"Expanded home-based care for the impaired elderly: solution or pipe dream?"Amer. J. of Public Health70: 514-519.
15.
Eisdorfer, C.
and D. Cohen1981"Management of the patient and family coping with dementing illness."J. of Family Practice12: 831-837.
16.
Emr, M.1981"Progress report on senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type." NIH Publication No. 1, 81-2342. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
17.
Federal Council on the Aging1981"The need for long-term care: information and issues."Department of Health and Human Services
, DHHS Pub. No. (OHDS) 81-20704. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
18.
Fiore, J.
, J. Becker, and D. B. Coppel forthcoming "Social network interactions: buffer or stress."Amer. J. of Community Psychology11.
19.
Freeman, H. E.
, S. Levine, and G. Reeder (eds.) 1979Handbook of Medical Sociology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
20.
Grad, J.
and P. Sainsbury1963"Mental illness and the family."Lancet1: 544-547.
21.
Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)1981"Long-term care: background and future directions."Department of Health and Human Services
, No. 81-20047. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
22.
Heston, L. L.
and J. A. White1983A Practical Guide to Alzheimer's Disease and Related Illnesses. New York: W. H. Freeman.
23.
Hopper, F.
, M. Killilea, and T. Sluss-Radbaugh 1983 "The helping study: living arrangements." Presented at the 111th annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, Dallas.
24.
Kasl, S.
and L. Berkman1981"Some psychosocial influences on the health status of the elderly: the perspective of social epidemiology," pp. 345-385 in Aging: Biology and Behavior. New York: Academic.
25.
Katz, A.1981"Self-help and mutual aid: an emerging social movement."Annual Rev. of Sociology7: 129-155.
26.
Lebowitz, B.1983"Families, informal supports and Alzheimer's disease."Position paper submitted to the National Institute on Aging
, September.
27.
Litman, T.1974"The family as a basic unit in health and medical care: a social-behavioral overview."Social Sciences and Medicine8: 495-519.
28.
Lowenthal, B.1967Aging and Mental Disorders in San Francisco. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
29.
Mace, N.
and P. Rabins1981The 36-Hour Day. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.
30.
Maddox, G. L.
forthcoming "Mutual health groups for caregivers in the management of senile dementia: a research agenda," in J. Wertheimer (ed.) Senile Dementia in the Next 20 years. New York: Alan R. Liss.
31.
McDowell, F. H.
(ed.) 1980Managing the Person with Intellectual Loss at Home. White Plains, NY: Burke Rehabilitation Center.
32.
McKinlay, J. B.1980"Social network influences on morbid episodes and the career of help seeking," in L. Eisenberg and A. Kleinman (eds.) The Relevance of Social Science for Medicine. Dordrecht, Netherlands: D. Reidel.
33.
Mechanic, D.
(ed.) 1983Handbook of Health, Health Care, and the Health Professions. New York: Free Press.
34.
Morrissey, E. R.
1983 "Depression and happiness among spouses of Alzheimer's disease patients: the impact of coping resources." Presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Detroit.
35.
Newman, S. J.1976Housing Adjustments of Older People. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research.
36.
Niederehe, G.
, E. Fruge, J. Scott, D. Volpendista, K. Nielsen-Collins, and A. Woods 1982 "Measuring family system characteristics in families caring for dementia patients." Presented at the annual meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, Boston, November.
37.
Noelke, L.
and S. Poulshock1982The Effects of Caring for Impaired Elderly in Residence. Cleveland, OH: Benjamin Rose Institute.
38.
Rabin, P. V.1981"Management of irreversible dementia."Psychosomatics22: 591-597.
39.
1983"Families, informal supports and Alzheimer's Disease."Position paper submitted to the National Institute on Aging
, September.
40.
Rabin, P. V.
, N. L. Mace, and M. J. Lucas1982"The impact of dementia on the family."J. of the Amer. Medical Assn.248: 333-335.
41.
Roth, M.1982"Some strategies for tackling the problems of senile dementia and related disorders within the next decade."WHO Scientific Group on Senile Dementia
.
42.
Salloway, J.1983"Report on social networks, social supports, and Alzheimer's disease."Position paper submitted to the National Institute on Aging
, September.
43.
Shanas, E.1979a"The family as a social support system in old age."J. of Gerontology19: 169-174.
44.
1979b"Social myth as hypothesis: family relations of old people."Gerontologist19: 3-9.
45.
Sluss-Radbaugh, T.1983"Families, informal supports, and Alzheimer's disease."Position paper submitted to the National Institute on Aging
, September.
46.
Sluss-Radbaugh, T.
, F. Hooper, and E. M. Gruenberg 1983 "The helping study: the social breakdown syndrome." Presented at the 111th annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, Dallas.
47.
Sluss-Radbaugh, T.
, G. Lorenz, S. Wells, and F. Hooper 1983 "The helping study: tasks, helpers and consequences." Presented at the 111th annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, Dallas.
48.
Steuer, J. O.
and E. O. Clark1982"Family support groups within a support group on dementia."Clinical Gerontologist1: 87-95.
49.
Townsend, P.1965"The effects of family structure on the likelihood of admission to an institution in old age," in E. Shanas and G. Streib (eds.) Social Structure and the Family. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
50.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census1983"America in transition: an aging society." Current Population Reports, Series P-23, No. 128. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
51.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NIA1981"Q & A: Alzheimer's disease." NIH Publication No. 81-1646.
52.
1983"Progress report on senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type."Prepared for the Senate Committee on Appropriations
, February.
53.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NINCDS1981"The dementias: hope through research." NIH Publication No. 81-2252.
54.
Wolff, E.1983a"Preliminary report on current status of knowledge on selected issues related to VA families, informal supports and Alzheimer's disease."Position paper submitted to the National Institute on Aging
, September.
55.
1983b Personal communication with Helen Davies, Psychiatric Clinical Nurse Specialist, Palo Alto VA Medical Center, September 19; and Meredith Edmonds, Head Nurse, GRECC, American Lake VAMC, Takoma, Washington, September 21.
56.
Zarit, J. M. 1982 "Predictors of burden and distress for caregivers of senile dementia patients." Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern California.
57.
Zarit, S. H.1983"Families, informal supports and Alzheimer's disease."Position paper submitted to the National Institute on Aging
, September.
58.
Zarit, S. H.
, K. E. Reever, and J. Bach-Peterson1980"Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlate of feelings of burden."Gerontologist20: 649-655.
59.
Zarit, S. H.
and J. M. Zarit1983"Families under stress: interventions for caregivers of senile dementia patients."Psychotherapy19: 461-471.