Perceived Social Isolation Among Older Lesbian,Gay,Bisexual,and Heterosexual Adults: The Role of Relationship Status

Abstract

The intersection of LGBTQ+ aging, family, and social isolation remains understudied. The study examines perceived social isolation (loneliness) among older lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual adults, focusing on the role of relationship status. Drawing on minority stress theory, queer family scholarship, and gerontology research, we test whether: (1) relationship status mediates sexual identity gaps in perceived isolation, and (2) the association between relationship status and isolation varies by sexuality. Analyses are stratified by gender. Using representative data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N = 93,109), logistic regressions show that: (1) gay and bisexual men reported more perceived isolation than heterosexual men while bisexual women, but not lesbian women, reported more isolation than heterosexual women; (2) relationship status mediated more of the isolation gap between gay and heterosexual men; and (3) moderation by sexuality was generally absent, except among gay men. Findings underscore elevated isolation among aging sexual minority population, particularly bisexual and previously married adults.