A growing body of research across genetics, cognitive science, and other basic science suggests the complexity and interconnectedness of multiple factors contributing to individual variation in susceptibility to engage in risk behaviors. Advances in these disciplines may direct new research directions and the development and evaluation of innovative intervention components for prevention that consider novel but central susceptibility factors. This article highlights findings from three interrelated areas of basic science research—genetics, neuroscience, and cognitive science—that together continue to inform prevention science. A primary objective of this article is to suggest how this research might guide primary prevention interventions. Translating findings from these disciplines can help to facilitate testable hypotheses for prevention science and explain potential limitations of current intervention approaches.
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