Comparison of Deep Breathing Interventions on Pulmonary Function Between Individuals With Visual Impairments and Typical Sight

Abstract

Introduction

Growing research indicates that vision loss significantly affects the physiological well-being of individuals with visual impairments. Deep breathing is suggested as a means to enhance their pulmonary health as part of overall wellness. Studies on the use of deep breathing and its effects on pulmonary function are, however, limited in individuals with visual impairments. This pilot study aims to compare the impact of deep breathing on lung health between individuals with visual impairments and typical sight.

Methods

The total sample (N = 100) included 50 individuals with visual impairments (mean age = 52.78 years ± 16.35) and 50 sighted individuals (mean age = 53.10 years ± 17.24). Both groups underwent baseline assessments of the spirometry—tidal volume (TV), vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC ratio)—followed by a 2-week intervention period involving daily 5-min sessions of audio-aided deep breathing. Post-intervention spirometry assessments were conducted for both groups.

Results

After deep breathing, the group with visual impairment showed significant improvements within-group with higher TV (0.53 ± 0.14 L to 0.61 ± 0.14 L; p < 0.001) and a higher mean change in TV than the sighted group (0.069 L; p = 0.030). Conversely, measures of VC, FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC remained unchanged both within and between groups.

Discussion

Deep breathing exercises may improve pulmonary function, as indicated by significant increment in TV in individuals with visual impairments, with a higher mean difference compared to individuals with typical sight. However, due to the pilot study design and limited changes, further research with larger sample sizes and control groups is needed to confirm these findings.

Implications for Practitioners

Clinicians, therapists, and ophthalmologists may consider incorporating deep breathing exercises into the care plans of individuals with visual impairments as part of their physical health and wellness management.