When Mindfulness is Insufficient: The Moderated Moderating Effects of Self-Harm and Negotiable Fate Beliefs on the Association Between Mindfulness and Adolescent Psychological Distress in Disasters

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the risk of psychological distress among adolescents. Moreover, adolescents in 70 countries have suffered simultaneously from the COVID-19 pandemic and flood disasters. Research on the protective role of mindfulness on psychological distress is warranted; moreover, the practical needs arising from disasters require a deeper understanding of the potentially complex interplay between mindfulness and psychological distress. Using social–ecological systems theory, this study examined the moderating effects of self-harm and negotiable fate on the relationship between mindfulness and psychological distress in adolescents suffering from concurrent dual disasters (COVID-19 and flood disasters). High school adolescents (N = 1679; 49.3% adolescent boys) in Zhengzhou, China, completed the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure, Suicide Thoughts and Behaviors Checklist, Negotiable Fate Questionnaire, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21. A three-way interaction model was developed. The results indicate that mindfulness has a significant negative relationship with psychological distress during disasters. Moreover, self-harm and negotiable fate significantly moderated the negative associations between mindfulness and psychological distress in adolescents enduring concurrent dual disasters (three-way interaction effects model). These findings highlight the significance of the interactions between different ecological system factors in the negative associations between mindfulness and psychological distress amid disasters.

Keywords

mindfulness self-harm negotiable fate psychological distress COVID-19 flood

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