Performance evaluation of constant current and constant voltage charge control modes of an inductive power transfer circuit with double-sided inductor-capacitor-capacitor and inductor-capacitor/series compensations for electrical vehicle battery charge applications

Abstract

For electric vehicle (EV) battery chargers, inductive power transfer (IPT) has become popular day by day due to its features such as being safe, comfortable and weather proof. The constant current (CC) and the constant voltage (CV) charge control modes are important for high-efficiency charging and long-life use of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries commonly used in EVs. However, IPT method requires a wide range of operating frequency in order to provide CC/CV charge control modes. In IPT applications, CC and CV charge control modes are mainly achieved with dc-dc circuits using compensation networks at the transmitter and receiver sides. In this study, performances of inductor-capacitor/series compensation and double-sided inductor-capacitor-capacitor compensation topologies are evaluated based on CC/CV charge control modes. The analytical evaluation is presented in terms of voltage and current regulations during the entire charge control period. Finally, presented analytical evaluation is confirmed with ANSYS software providing field-electric common simulation to predict real response of compensation topologies. In the simulation work, both compensation topologies are operated for the maximum 2.5 kW output power and at the 250 V-450 V output voltage range.

Keywords

Battery charge power electronics PID simulation compensation

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Ahmad

(2018) A comprehensive review of wireless charging technologies for electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 4(1): 38–63.

Budhia

(2013) Development of a single-sided flux magnetic coupler for electric vehicle IPT charging systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 60(1): 318–328.

Buja

(2015) Design and experimentation of WPT charger for electric city-car. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 62(12): 7436–7447.

Covic

(2013) Modern trends in inductive power transfer for transportation applications. IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power Electron. 1(1): 28–41.

Dearborn

(2005) Charging li-ion batteries for maximum run times. Power Electronics Technology Magazine 31(4): 40–49.

Fan

(2014) A cascaded boost–buck converter for high efficiency wireless power transfer systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 10(3): 1972–1980.

Fan

(2016) Compensation of cross coupling in multiple-receiver wireless power transfer systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 12(2): 474–482.

Gati

(2017) Variable frequency controller for inductive power transfer in dynamic conditions. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 32(2): 1684–1696.

Hou

(2015) Analysis and control of series/series-parallel compensated resonant converter for contactless power transfer. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 3(1): 124–136.

10.

Kan

(2017) A new integration method for an electric vehicle wireless charging system using LCC Compensation topology: Analysis and design. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 32(2): 1638–1650.

11.

Kan

(2018) Integrated Coil Design for EV Wireless Charging Systems Using LCC Compensation Topology. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 33(11): 9231–9241.

12.

(2015a) A double-sided LCC compensation network and its tuning method for wireless power transfer. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 64(6): 2261–2273.

13.

(2015b) Wireless power transfer for electric vehicle applications. IEEEJ. Emerg.Sel. Topics Power Electronics 3(1): 4–17.

14.

(2015) Integrated LCC compensation topology for wireless charger in electric and plug-in electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 62(7): 4215–4225.

15.

Liu

(2016) Double-LCL resonant compensation network for electric vehicles wireless power transfer: experimental study and analysis. IET Power Electronics 9(11): 2262–2270.

16.

Ning

(2013) A compact wireless charging system for electric vehicles. In: 2013 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 1, Denver, CO, USA, 15–19 September 2013, pp. 3629–3634. IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

17.

Pantic

(2011) ZCS LCC-compensated resonant inverter for inductive-power-transfer application. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 58(8): 3500–3510.

18.

(2015) Hybrid IPT topologies with constant-current or constant-voltage output for battery charging applications. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 1(11): 6329–6337.

19.

Sall’an

(2009) Optimal design of ICPT systems applied to electric vehicle battery charge. IEEE IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 56(6): 2140–2149.

20.

Song

(2018) Constant current/voltage charging operation for series–series and series–parallel compensated wireless power transfer systems employing primary-side controller. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 33(9): 8065–8080.

21.

Steigerwald

(1988) A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 3(2): 174–182.

22.

Tran

(2018) Design of a high-efﬁciency wireless power transfer system with intermediate coils for the on-board chargers of electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions Power Electronics 33(1): 175–187.

23.

Villa

(2009) Design of a high frequency inductively coupled power transfer system for electric vehicle battery charge. Appl. Energy 86(3): 355–363.

24.

(2017) A new method to implement the constant Current-Constant Voltage charge of the Inductive Power Transfer system for Electric Vehicle applications. In: IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific), Busan, South Korea, 1–4 June 2016, pp. 449–453. IEEE.

25.

(2018) Implementation of the constant current and constant voltage charge of inductive power transfer systems with the double-sided LCC compensation topology for electric vehicle battery charge applications. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 33(9): 7398–7410.

26.

Wang

(2005) Design considerations for a contactless electric vehicle battery. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics 52(5): 1308–1314.

27.

Wang

(2018) LC/S compensation topology and coil design technique for wireless power transfer. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 33(3): 2007–2025.

28.

Yenil (2019) Evaluation of compensation circuits used in electrical vehicle wireless battery charger at constant current and constant voltage charge control modes. In: Automatic Control Turkish National Committee Meeting (TOK2019), 1, Mugla, Turkey, 11–14 September 2019, pp. 1–6. Automatic Control Turkish National Committee Meeting (TOK2019).

29.

Zhang

(2016) Compensation topologies of high-power wireless power transfer systems. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 65(6): 4768–4778.

30.

Zhou

(2007) Design considerations of compensation topologies in ICPT system. In: IEEE Conference Applied Power Electronics, 1, Anaheim, CA, USA, 25 February–1 March 2007, pp. 985–990. APEC 07 - Twenty-Second Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition.