From 1962 to 1989, the coffee-producing and coffee-consuming nations created a commodity agreement limiting the amount of coffee a nation could export in order to correct two structural deficiencies: global overproduction of coffee and drastic price movements associated with weather-related phenomena. During the 27 years of this quota agreement, Guatemala had a unique opportunity to get farmers to diversify from coffee to other export commodities and allow farmers to use new technology to improve their profitability. The Asociación Nacional del Café (ANACAFE) administered these diversification and technification programs, while the London-based International Coffee Organization (ICO) regulated the international coffee trade. However, the ICO achieved more success in reducing overproduction of coffee and stopping downward price movements than ANACAFE did in implementing diversification and technification. Because ANACAFE failed to disseminate technification to the vast majority of the small coffee-producers, when the ICO allowed quotas to expire in 1989 the vast majority of the Guatemalan coffee growers found themselves not as price-competitive as their Central American neighbors.
ANACAFE (Asociación Nacional del Café)1962Revista Cafetalera. No. 16.
2.
1963Memoria de las labores realizadas por la directiva de la Asociación Nacional del Café, Guatemala City.
3.
1965 Revista Cafetalera. No. 47.
4.
1969 Memoría de las labors realizados por la directiva la Asociación Nacional del cafe, Guatemala city.
5.
1972 Revista Cafetalera. No. 119.
6.
1982Diagnóstico del sector cafetalero: Anexo Estadístico . Guatemala City: USAID.
7.
1984 Revista Cafetalera. No. 239.
8.
1989 Revista Cafetalera. No. 304.
9.
1991 El mundo del café en cifras. Guatemala City.
10.
1995 Hombres de café. Guatemala City.
11.
Archdiocese of Guatemala1999Guatemala: Never Again!Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books .
12.
Berger, Susan1992Political and Agrarian Development in Guatemala. Boulder : Westview Press.
13.
BG (Banco de Guatemala)1981 " Estudio sobre el cultivo e industrialización de la palma africana" Informe Económico.
14.
Bonnet, Roberto Junguito, Diego Pizano Salazar, et al. 1993El comercio exterior y la política internacional del Café. Bogotá: Editorial Normos S.A.
15.
Castle Communications1990Guatemalan Coffee Survey. Los Angeles.
16.
Coffee Review 2007http://www.coffeereview.com/allreviews.cfm?search=6 (accessed April 30, 2007).
17.
De Graff, I.J.1986The Economics of Coffee. Wageningen: Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation.
18.
Falla Caceres, Ricardo1976"Improvidence or selfishness?" Coffee Annual.
19.
FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization)1969Report of the Guatemala Coffee Zone Project. 3 vols. FAO Report No. 19/69 GUA 2.
20.
Fundación Interamericana1989Importancia del cultivo de café: Participación y problemática de los pequeños productores. Guatemala City.
21.
Gilboy, Elizabeth A.1934"Time series and the derivation of demand and supply curves: a study of coffee and tea,
22.
1850-1930."Quarterly Journal of Economics48: 665-685.
23.
Global Exchange 2007http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/fairtrade/coffee/cooperatives.html#6 (accessed April 30, 2007).
24.
ICO (International Coffee Organization)1965Informe de la misión a Guatemala. London.
25.
1967Guatemala: Information on the Most Important Relevant Aspects . Country Study14E. London.
26.
1971Información estadística sobre producción, exportaciones, consumo interno y existencias los países miembros exportadores, desde 1959/60 hasta 1970/71. 8 (C). London.
27.
1991 a Statistics on Coffee. EB-3275/91. London .
28.
1991 b Statistics on Coffee. EB-3291/91. London .
29.
2002Global Coffee Crisis: A Threat to Sustainable Development. ED 1849/02. London.
30.
IDB (Inter-American Development Bank)
31.
1977Informe general sobre el desarrollo agropecuario y rural de Guatemala. Washington, DC.
32.
Katz Julius1968 "The case for a diversification fund" Coffee Annual.
33.
Le Chevalier, François1965 "Production controls are not enough" Coffee Annual.
34.
Lucier, Richard L.1988The International Political Economy of Coffee: From Juan Valdez to Yank’s Dinner. New York: Praeger.
35.
McCreery, David1994Rural Guatemala: 1760-1940. Stanford : Stanford University Press.
36.
McDermott, J.K.1982Guatemala: Development of the Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (ICTA) and Its Impact on Agricultural Research and Farm Productivity. Project Impact Evaluation 30. Washington, DC: USAID.
37.
Magalhes, Camillo Calazans de1977 "An analysis of coffee policies in Brazil and the world " Coffee Annual.
38.
Mwandha, James, John Nicolls, and Malcolm Sargent1985Coffee: The International Commodity Agreements. Hampshire: Grover Publishing Company.
39.
New York Times Magazine1986 "Walking the tightrope in Guatemala: a civilian president balances reform and rightist pressures " November 6.
40.
Oxfam 2007http://www.oxfamamerica.org/whatwedo/campaigns/coffee/news_publications/feature_story.20.06-04-21.4620168696 (accessed April 30, 2007 ).
41.
Pan-American Coffee Bureau1970Annual Coffee Statistics. New York.
42.
Pendergrast, Mark1999Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World. New York: Basic Books.
43.
Rice, Richard1999 "A place unbecoming: the coffee farm of northern Latin America." Geographical Review89: 554-579.
44.
Scott, James C.1998Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press.
45.
Singh, Shamsher, Jos de Vries, John C. L. Hulley, and Patrick Young.1977Coffee, Tea, and Cocoa: Market Prospects and Development Lending. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
46.
Topik, Steven C.2000 "Coffee anyone? Recent research on Latin American coffee societies" Hispanic American Historical Review80: 225-266.
47.
Topik, Steven C. and William Gervase Clarence-Smith2003 "New propositions and a research agenda," in W. G. Clarence-Smith and S. C. Topik (eds.), The Global Coffee Economy in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, 1500-1989. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
48.
Usaid1981ROCAP Project Paper: Regional Coffee Pest Control. Washington, DC.
49.
USDA (United States Department of Agriculture)1979Coffee Production and Trade in Latin America. Washington, DC.
50.
1987The World Coffee Situation. FCOF-81-1. Washington, DC.
51.
U.S. Department of State1961Department of State Bulletin. 44 (1136).
52.
Weeks, John1985The Economies of Central America. New York: Holmes and Meier.
53.
Wickizer, Vernon D.1964 "International collaboration in the world coffee market ." Food Research Studies4: 273-304.
