Models for Preclinical Testing of Allergy

Abstract

Hypersensitivity reactions to drugs are a common clinical problem, for which it is difficult, however, to establish the causative mechanism. Some of the reactions are of the allergic nature. Animal models have been succesfully developed by using classical immune end-points. Animal models have been succesfully developed to detect human airway sensitizers by using classical immune endpoints. They are not, however, validated and standardized to a degree which would give them a predictive value.

Regarding contact allergy several animal assays are described which reliably identify substances which can cause allergic contact dermatitis. A number of guinea pig methods are available with their advantages and disadvantages. An overview of current methods is given. Predictive allergy test results cannot stand alone and should be interpreted with care. They are important tools, however, for safe development of new chemicals for topical use when the tests are executed and interpreted by trained people. Their value in the development of pharmaceuticals is less well documented.