Moving from able to not able: the psychosocial experiences of adults who had a traumatic brain injury

Abstract

A traumatic brain injury is a sudden, unprecedented injury that causes damage to the brain and is described as a silent epidemic. The objectives of this research study were to investigate the psychosocial experiences, changes and challenges of adults who had a traumatic brain injury. The study utilized an exploratory qualitative research approach. Purposive sampling was employed to select eight participants for the study. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze data. The findings reveal a profound identity shift post-injury, marked by the disintegration of familiar roles and capabilities. The trauma of traumatic brain injury (TBI) extended beyond physical impairments to encompass emotional dysregulation, cognitive deficits, and relational strain. Common experiences included heightened emotional sensitivity, irritability, and frustration over lost abilities, contributing to a disrupted sense of self and alienation from pre-injury identities. The theory of “loss of self” and “self-discrepancy” emerged strongly, with family members often recognizing personality changes before the individuals themselves. Despite the adversity, some participants demonstrated resilience and post-traumatic growth, facilitated by coping mechanisms such as meditation and family support. However, these positive adaptations coexisted with enduring grief over lost futures, diminished independence, and internalized stigma. Cognitive impairments such as memory loss and slowed processing were often invisible. The findings support a biopsychosocial model of care that includes timely cognitive and psychosocial rehabilitation, culturally competent psychoeducation for families, and accessible support services. Enhancing rehabilitation access and family involvement may mitigate long-term impacts and aid in reconstructing identity and meaning post-TBI.