Conceptualizing Ableism in Tourism and Hospitality: Health and Inclusion Implications for Travelers With Disabilities

Abstract

This study critically examines how ableist norms embedded in tourism and hospitality service design affect the health and well-being of travelers with disabilities. Grounded in a transformative paradigm, the research uses a systematic literature review guided by PRISMA and critical content analysis. Findings reveal that standardized service models often marginalize individuals with disabilities through exclusionary practices at social, organizational, and individual levels. Two integrative frameworks—the Ecological Model of Ableist Norms and the Mechanism of Ableism Influencing Health and Well-Being—illustrate how ableist ideologies sustain attitudinal, physical, and informational barriers, limiting access to tourism’s therapeutic benefits. The study calls for a shift from compliance-based accessibility toward inclusive, health-oriented service innovation. It proposes establishing “travel therapy” as a new field and outlines transitional strategies for cost-effective implementation. Ultimately, the findings advocate for structural change in tourism and hospitality, positioning accessibility as both a public health priority and a social justice issue.