Fabrics with a wide range of durable-press properties were prepared by treating cotton printcloth with dimethyloldi hydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) by pad-dry-cure, mild-cure, and steam-cure processes and with formaldehyde by vapor-phase, Form D, and Form W processes. Swellability in aqueous media, as measured by water retention, iso propanol retention, alkali centrifuge value, and yarn untwisting number, is discussed in relation to durable-press appear ance ratings and wrinkle recovery angles. Such measurements of accessibility as moisture sorption isotherms, internal surface area, iodine sorption, and differential dye sorption are also presented. Some inferences regarding spatial location of crosslinks and its relation to wet and dry fabric recovery properties are discussed.
AATCC Test Method 124-1969, Technical Manual of the American Assn. of Textile Chemists & Colorists, 1970.
2.
American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM Designations: (a) D 1175-64T; (b) D 1682-64; (c) D 1424-63; (d) D 1295-67, Philadelphia, Pa.
3.
Andrews, C.M. and Oberg, A.G., Cellulose Swelling Mea-. sured by Propanol-2 Retention, Textile Res. J.33, 330-332 (1963).
4.
Blouin, F.A. , Martin, L.F., and Rowland, S.P., Gel-Permeation Properties of Cellulose. Part IV: Changes in Pore Structure of Fibrous Cotton Produced by Cross-Linking with Formaldehyde. Textile Res. J.40, 959-964 (1970).
5.
Brunauer, S. , Emmett, P.H., and Teller, E., Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers, J. A mer. Chem. Soc.60, 309-319 (1938).
6.
Cannizzaro, A.M., Goynes, W.R., Rollins, M.L., and Keating, E.J., Microscopical Studies of Cottons Reacted in Vapor Phase, Textile Res. J.40, 1087-1095 (1970).
7.
Carra, J.H., Tripp, V.W., and Orr, R.S., Yarn Untwisting as a Rapid Test of Cotton Swelling in Various Reagents, Textile Res. J.32, 1041-1042 (1962).
8.
Chance, L.H. , Perkins, R.M., and Reeves, W.A., Formaldehyde Treatment of Partially Swollen Cotton, Textile Res. J. 31, 366-376 (1961).
9.
DuPré, M., Jr., Permanent Set in Cotton and the Physical Mechanism of Wrinkle Resistant Treatments, Textile Res J.29, 151155 (1959).
Guthrie, J.D. , Imparting Wrinkle Resistance to Cotton Fabrics with Vapor from HCl-Paraformaldehyde. Amer. Dyestuff Reptr . 51, No. 14, 31-36 (July 9, 1962).
12.
Honold, E. and Grant, J.N., Cotton Character Test, Textile Ind.133, 93102, 116 (1969).
13.
Jeffries, R. , Roberts, J.G., and Robinson , R.N., Accessibility andReaction Sites in Cotton, Textile Res. J.38, 234-244 (1968).
14.
Keating, E.J. , Cannizzaro, A.M., Haydel, C.H., and Knoepfler , N.B., Batchwise Crosslinking of Cotton with Formaldehyde in the Vapor Phase, Materials Eng. Sci. Div., Biennial Conf, AIChE Preprint Vol. 318-324 (1970).
15.
Müller, K., Rais, J., Rouette, H.K., Schefer, W., and Zollinger, H., Vergieich von Methoden zur Charakterisierung des Vernetzungszustandes hochveredelter Baumwollgewebe, Textilveredlung6, 569-583 (1971).
16.
Nelson, M.L. , Rousselle, M.A., Cangemi, S.J., and Trouard, P., TheIodine Sorption Test. Factors Affecting Reproducibitity and a Semimicro Adaptation , Textile Res. J.40, 872880 (1970).
17.
Parikh, D.V. , Frick, J.G., Jr., and Reid , J.D.:, Smooth Drying Cotton by Steam-Cure Finishing, Res. Ind.15, 3-5 (1970).
18.
Porter, B.R. and Orr, R.S., Survey of Cotton Fiber Swelling in Various Liquids by Use of the Yarn Untwisting Test. Textile Res. J.35, 159-167 (1965).
19.
Porter, B.R. and Schreiber, S.P., Changes in Microporous Structure of Modified Cotton Fabrics Water-Swollen after Creaseprooting or Other Modifications, Textile Res. J.37, 999-1001 (1967).
20.
Rebenfeld, L. and Wu, H., A Quantitative Study of Differential Dyeing of Cotton as a Means of Elucidating Fiber Structure, Textile Res. J.31, 886-892 (1961).
21.
Reeves, W.A. , SomeEffects of the Nature of Cross-Links on the Properties of Cotton Fabrics, J. Textile Inst.53, P22-P36 ( 1962).
22.
Reeves, W.A. , Kullman, R.M.H., Frick, J.G., Jr., and Reinhardt , R.M., Studies on the Distribution of CrossLinks in Wrinkle-Resistant Cottons, Textile Res. J.33, 169-181 (1963).
23.
Reeves, W.A. , Perkins, R.M., and Chance, L.H., Cotton Cross-linked at Various Degrees of Fiber Swelling, Textile Res. J. 30, 179-192 (1960).
24.
Reinhardt, R.M., Cashen, N.A., and Reid, J.D., A Mild Cure Process for Wrinkle-Resistant Cotton Fabrics, Textile Chem. Colorist1, 415-422 (Sept. 24, 1969).
25.
Rowland, S.P. , Roberts, E.J., and Wade, C.P., Selective Accessibilities of Hy-droxyl Groups in the Microstructure of Cotton Cellulose, Textile Res. J.39, 530-542 (1969).
