A double-label radioactive tracer analysis was developed to determine the comparative retention of representative sebum components on cotton fabric after repeated soiling and laundering and to determine whether the presence or absence of clay significantly affected the retention of the fats. Retention was related to chain length, polarity, unsatura tion, and presence of clay.
The yellowness of cotton soiled with pairs of fats was measured in the presence and absence of clay. Clay contributed significantly to the yellow color. When fat alone was present, there was no significant increase in yellowing until after the fifth wash for oleic acid and triolein. An interaction between the fats and clay caused additional yellowing which was possibly due to greater uptake of clay by entrapment in a fatty matrix and/or to catalysis of oxidation reactions of unsaturated fats by metal ions present in kaolinite clay. '
Brown, C.B., Thompson, S.H., and Stewart, G., Oil Take Up and Removal by Washing from Polyester. Polyester/Cotton Blend and Other Fabrics, Textile Res. J.38, 735-743 (1968).
2.
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3.
Fort, T., Jr., Billica, H.R., and Grinstaff, T.H., Studies of Soiling and Detergency. Part II: Detergency Experiments with Model Fatty Soils, Textile Res. J.36, 99-112 (1966).
4.
Franks, F. and Roberts, B., Quantitative Study of the Oxidative Discoloration of Ethyl Linoleate. II. Oxidation on a Cotton Substrate, J. Appl. Ckem.15, 109-117 (1965).
5.
Gordon, B.E. , Radiotracers in Fabric-Washing Studies, J. Amer. Oil Ckem. Soc. 45, 367-373 (1968).
6.
Gordon, B.E. and Bastin, E.L., The Development of a Particulate Radioactive Soil for Detergency Studies, Soap Chem. Spec.44, 64 (1968).
7.
Gordon, B.E. and Curtis, R.M., The Anti-Quench Shift in Liquid Scintillation Counting, Anal. Ckem.40, 1486-1493 (1968 ).
8.
Gordon, B.E. , Roddewig, J., and Sheb, W.T., A Double-Label Radiotracer Approach to Detergency Studies, J. Amer. OilChem. Soc.44, 289-294 (1967).
9.
Gordon, B.E. , Shebs, W.T., and Bonnar, R.U., The Determination of Doubly Labeled Artificial Soil in Detergency Studies, J. Amer. OilChem. Soc.44, 711-716 (1967).
10.
Gordon, B.E. , Shebs, W.T., Lee, D.H. and Bonnar, R.U., Liquid Scintillation Determination of Surfactants on Cotton Fabric, J. Amer. OilChem. Soc.43, 525-528 (1966).
11.
Gunstone, F.D., "An Introduction to the Chemistry of Fats and Fatty Acids," New York, Wiley, 1958 , pp. 113-123.
12.
McLendon, V. and Richardson, F., Residual Oily Soil as a Factor in Yellowing of Used and Laundered White Cotton Articles, Amer. Dyestuff Rept.52, 112-118 (1963).
13.
Packard Instrument Company, Inc.Operational Manual, Model 3375, 3000 Series Tri-Carb Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer System, Preliminary Manual 2040, Packard Instrument Company, Downers Grove, Illinois, 1966.
14.
Powe, W.C., Removal of Fatty Soils from Cotton in Aqueous Detergent Systems, J. Amer. OilChem. Soc.40,290-294 (1963).
15.
Powe, W.C., Detergency Studies on Removal of Triglycerides, Diglycerides, Monoglycerides and Free Fatty Acids from Cotton. Presented before the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry of theAmerican Chemical Society , September 2, 1964.
16.
Powe, W.C., The Nature of Tenaciously Bound Soil on Cotton, Textile Res. J.29, 879-884 (1959).
17.
Powe, W.C. and Marple, W.L., The Fatty Acid Composition of Clothes Soil, J. Amer. OilChem. Soc.37, 136-138 (1960).
18.
Privett, O.S. , Blank, M.L., Covell , J.B., and Lundberg , W.O., Yellowing of Oil Films, J. Amer. OilChem. Soc.38, 22-2 (1961).
19.
Schott, H., Interactions in the System: Clay-Detergent-Cellulose, J. Amer. OilChem. Soc.45, 414-422 (1968).
20.
Scott, B.A. , Mechanism of Fatty Soil Removal, J. Appl. Chem.13, 133-144 (1963).
21.
Sontag, Mary Suzanne, The Build-Up of Particulate and Organic Soils on Cotton, Polyester and Polyester/Cotton Fabrics, Master's Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 1969 , pp. 49-54.
22.
Sontag, M.S. , Purchase, M.E., and Smith, B.F., A Method for Low-Level, Particulate Soiling of Fabrics, Textile Res. J.39, 976-978 (1969).
23.
Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H., "Principles and Procedures of Statistics ," New York, McGraw-Hill , 1960, pp. 109-111.
24.
Wagg, R.E. and Britt, C.J., Detergency Studies Using a Radioactive Tracer, J. Textile Inst.53, T205-T216 (1962).
25.
Wang, C.H. and Willis, D.L., "Radiotracer Methodology in Biological Science," Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1965, pp. 126-127.
