Measurements were made of the heat of the phase transformation in wool. The measured heat varies with variation in the amount of water sealed with the sample and with variation in the heating rate. For instance, an increase in heating rate by a factor of four (approx. 0.5°C/min to 2°C/min) caused an increase in the measured heat of transformation from 3.9 cal/g to 7.3 cal/g. Parallel x-ray diffraction studies indicated that a lower rate of heating favored a crystal-crystal change (an α → β trans formation), and a higher rate favored a crystalline → noncrystalline change. In agree ment with others, our calculations indicate that the fraction of crystalline material in wool is approximately 0.25-0.30.
Arell, A., Proc. 1st Intern. Conf. Thermal Analysis, London, Macmillan, 1965, p. 58 or trace from Arell, A. and Alare, O., Direct Determination of the Transition Energy of NH4I at the Transition I - II, Phys. Kondens. Materie (Germany) 2, 423-426 (1964).
2.
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3.
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4.
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Flory, P.J., Thermodynamics of Crystallization in High Polymers IV., J. Chem. Phys.17, 223-240 ( 1949).
6.
Haly, A.R. and Snaith, J.W., Differential Thermal Analysis of Wool—The Phase-Transition Endotherm under Various Conditions, Textile Res. J.37, 898-907 (1967).
7.
Haly, A.R. and Snaith, J.W., Specific Heat Studies of Various Wool-Water Systems, Biopolymers6, 1355-1377 (1968).
8.
Jordan, B.J. and Speakman, P.T., Deuterium Exchange in Wool, Nature215, 1194-1195 (1967). 9. Pae. K. D., γ-α Solid-Solid Transition in Isotactic Polypropylene, J. Polym. Sci.A26, 657-663 (1968).
9.
Turner, J.D. and Woods, H.J., Études Quantitatives de la Diffusion Équatoriale des Rayons-X par la Kératine, Colloquium "Structure de la Laine," Institut Textile de France, 1961, pp. 19-24.
