Sustainability in textile processing can be induced by the use of green nanotechnology and biomaterials. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized by the bio-reduction of silver nitrate using eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) leaves extract. Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by using particle size analyzer, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. AgNPs were employed for natural dyeing of cotton fabric with pomegranate rind (Punica granatum) extract and chitosan as a binder. The effects of AgNPs concentration (100–300 mg L–1), chitosan concentration (0.5–1.5%), and pomegranate rind extract (5–15%) on color strength (K/S) and UV protection (UPF) values were investigated. These variables were optimized using response surface methodology. The quadratic models were developed for further sustainable product development. AgNPs of 279 mg L−1 concentration, 1.3% chitosan, and 14.8% pomegranate dye yielded maximum K/S (8.11) and UPF (223.5) values. This research work can be extended for other bio-reducing agents.
GayalSGNagarkarRDKambaliND, et al.
Eco-friendly absorbent from non spinnable fibres. J Cotton Res Dev2012;
26: 267–271.
2.
HaziA.Eco-friendly dyeing and antibacterial treatment of cotton. Cellul Chem Technol2013;
47: 303–308.
3.
KamalMMHelmeyHMHarwaaryNS.Some studies on dyeing properties of cotton fabrics with crocus sativus (saffron flowers) using an ultrasonic method. J Nat Fibre2009;
6: 151–170. doi:10.1080/15440470902958041.
4.
VankarPSShankerRSrivastavaJ.Ultrasonic dyeing of cotton fabric with aqueous extract of Eclipta alba. Dyes Pigm2007;
72: 33–37. doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2005.07.013.
5.
VankarPSShankerRVermaA.Enzymatic natural dyeing of cotton and silk fabrics without metal mordants. J Cleaner Prod2007;
15: 1441. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.05.004.
6.
HongKHBaeJHJinSR, et al.
Preparation and properties of multi-functionalized cotton fabrics treated by extracts of gromwell and gallnut. Cellulose2012;
19: 507–515. doi:10.1007/s10570-011-9613-0
7.
HaddarWTichaMBGuesmiA, et al.
A novel approach for a natural dyeing process of cotton fabric with Hibiscus mutabilis (Gulzuba): process development and optimization using statistical analysis. J Clean Prod2014;
68: 114–120. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.12.066.
8.
FuSHinksDPHauserP, et al.
High-efficiency ultra-deep dyeing of cotton via mercerization and cationization. Cellulose2013;
20: 3110. doi:10.1007/s10570-013-0081-6.
9.
BaiRYuYWangQ, et al.
Chitosan-templated bio-coloration of cotton fabrics via laccase, catalyzed polymerization of hydroquinone. Eng Life Sci2019;
19: 1–12. doi:10.1002/elsc.201800132.
10.
ChattopadhyayDPPatelBH.Improvement in physical and dyeing properties of natural fibers through pretreatment with silver nanoparticles. Indian J Fibre Tex Res2009;
34: 368–373. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/6880.
11.
HebeishAEI-NaggarMEFoudaMM, et al.
Highly effective antibacterial textiles containing green synthesized silver nanoparticles. Carbohyd Polym2011;
86(2): 936–940. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.05.048.
12.
JosephSMathewB.Facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their application in dye degradation. Mater Sci Eng B2015;
195: 90–97. doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2015.02.007.
13.
MishraRMilitkyJBahetiV, et al.
The production, characterization and applications of nanoparticles in the textile industry. Text Prog2014;
46(2): 133–226. doi.org/10.1080/00405167.2014.964474.
14.
ZhangFWuXChenY, et al.
Application of silver nanoparticles to the cotton fabric as an antibacterial textile finish. Fibers Polym2009;
10: 496–501. doi.org/10.1007/s12221-009-0496-8.
ChandranSPChaudharyMPasrichaR, et al.
Synthesis of gold nano triangles and silver nanoparticles using aloe vera plant extract. Biotechnol Prog2006;
22: 577–583. doi.org/10.1021/bp0501423.
17.
Gardea-TorresdeyJLParsonsJGGomezE, et al.
Formation and growth of Au nanoparticles inside live alfalfa plants. Nano Lett2002;
2(4): 397–401. doi:10.1021/nl015673+
18.
Schabes-RetchkimanPSCanizalGHerrera-BecerraR, et al.
Biosynthesis and characterization of Ti/Ni bimetallic nanoparticles. Opt Mater2006;
29(1): 95–99. doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2006.03.014
19.
GuHHoPLTongE, et al.
Presenting vancomycin on nanoparticles to enhance antimicrobial activities. Nano Lett. 2003;
3(9): 1261–1263. doi:10.1021/nl034396z.
20.
VermaAMehtaMS.Controllable synthesis of silver nanoparticles using neem leaves and their antimicrobial property. J Rad Res Appl Sci2016;
9(1): 109–115. doi:10.1016/j.jrras.2015.11.001.
21.
SilaJMMichiraINAbongoD, et al.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Eucalyptus corymbia leaves extract and antimicrobial applications. J Biochemiphys2014;
22: 21–30.
22.
SilaMJNyamburaMIAbongoD, et al.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Eucalyptus corymbia leaf extract at optimized conditions. Nano Hybrid Compos2019;
25: 32–45. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.25.32
23.
KandylisPKokkinomagoulosE.Food applications and potential health benefits of pomegranate and its derivatives. Foods2020;
9: 1–22. doi:10.3390/foods9020122
24.
DavulcuABenliHŞenY, et al.
Dyeing of cotton with thyme and pomegranate peel. Cellulose2014;
21: 4671–4680. doi:10.1007/s10570-014-0427-8.
25.
LalCSharmaMCShakyawarDB, et al.
Natural dye constituents from the rind of Punica granatum and its application on Pashmina fabrics. Arch Appl Sci Res2011;
3(3): 350–357.
26.
HuZChanWLSzetoYS.Nanocomposite of chitosan and silver oxide and its antibacterial property. J Appl Polym Sci2008;
108(1): 52–56. doi:10.1002/app.26822.
27.
BusilaMMusatVTextorT, et al.
Synthesis and characterization of antimicrobial textile finishing based on Ag:ZnO nanoparticles/chitosan biocomposites. RSC Adv2015;
5: 21562–21571. doi:10.1039/C4RA13918F.
28.
EdlichRCoxMJBeckerDG, et al.
Revolutionary advances in Sun protective clothing – an essential step in eliminating skin cancer in our world. J Long Term Effects Med Implant2004;
14(2): 95–106. doi:10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.v14.i2.30.
29.
GambichlerTAltmeyerPHoffmannK.Role of clothes in Sun protection. In Dummer R, Nestle FO, Burg G (eds.) Cancers of the Skin. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol.
160.
Berlin:
Springer, 2002; pp. 15–25. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59410-6_3.
30.
GuptaD and Ruchi.
UPF Characteristics of natural dyes and textiles dyed with them. Colourage2007;
54(4): 75–80.
31.
BykkamSAhmadipourMNarisngamS, et al.
Extensive studies on X-ray diffraction of green synthesized silver nanoparticles. Adv Nanopart2015;
4: 1–10. doi:10.4236/anp.2015.41001.
32.
ZainudinNFLeeKTKamaruddinAH, et al.
Study of adsorbent prepared from oil palm ash (OPA) for flue gas desulfurization. Sep Purif Technol2005;
45: 50–60. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2005.02.008.
33.
DukeJH.CRC Handbook of Medical Herbs.
Boca Raton, FL:
CRC Press, 1985; p. 550.
34.
EidiAEidiMGivianradMHAbaspourN.Hypolipidemic effects of alcoholic extract of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill) leaves on diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Iran J Diab Lipid Dis2009;
8: 105–112.
35.
ČmikováNGalovičováLSchwarzováM, et al.
Chemical composition and biological activities of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil. Plants2023;
12(5): 1076.
36.
MongkholrattanasitRKlaichoiCRungruangkitkraiN, et al.
Dyeing studies with eucalyptus, quercetin, rutin, and tannin: a research on effect of ferrous sulfate mordant. J Text2013;
1: 423842.
37.
TawiahBBadoeWFuS.Advances in the development of antimicrobial agents for textiles: the quest for natural products. Review. Fibres Text East Eur2016;
3(117): 136–149.
38.
WengXLinZXiaoX, et al.
One-step biosynthesis of hybrid reduced graphene oxide/iron-based nanoparticles by eucalyptus extract and its removal of dye. J Clean Prod2018;
203: 22–29. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.158.
39.
DasJDasMPVelusamyP.Sesbania grandiflora leaf extract mediated green synthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles against selected human pathogens. Spectrochem Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc2013;
104: 265–270. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2012.11.075.
40.
KaviyaSSanthanalaksnmiJVishwanathanB, et al.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Citrus sinensis peel extract and its antibacterial activity. Spectrochima Acta A2011;
79(3): 594–598. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2011.03.040.
41.
JagtapUBBapatVA.Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. seed extract and its antibacterial activity. Ind Crops Prod2013;
46: 132–137. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.01.019.
42.
AnandalakshmiKVenugobalJRamasamyV.Characterization of silver nanoparticles by green synthesis method using Pedalium murex leaf extract and their antimicrobial activity. Appl Nanosci2016;
6: 399–408. doi:10.1007/s13204-015-0449-z.
43.
ChawlaVSathayeS.Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using methanolic extracts of Acorus calamus and assessment of its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. J Med Plants Stud2017;
5(3): 358–363.
44.
ChathaSSHussainAIAliS, et al.
Significance of chitosan to improve the substantivity of reactive dyes. J Chilean Chem Soc2016;
61(2): 2895–2897. doi:10.4067/S0717-97072016000200009.
45.
TaniaISAliMBhuiyanRH.Experimental study on dyeing performance and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticle-immobilized cotton woven fabric. AUTEX Res J2021;
21(1). doi:10.2478/aut-2019-0074.
