This article presents an investigation on effects of heat treatments in the range 400–700℃ on morphology, fractal dimension, pore size distribution, and air permeability of superfine glass fiber felts. During the heat treatments, the released residual stress, thermal decomposition, and thermal contraction make fibers bend to different degrees, corresponding with different fractal dimensions. The felt pores are formed by the random interlacing of fibers, varying with the different bending degree of fibers, which results in an influence on the air permeability of the felt. The results show that there was no visible change in the morphology of the heated felt at 400–550℃. However, the treatment at 600℃ could cause the breakage of some fibers, and above 650℃ the damage of felts. The fractal dimension of heated felt decreased at 400 and 450℃, but then increased above 500℃. The lowest fractal dimension was 1.8827 at 450℃, and the highest was 1.9666 at 600℃. Besides, the pores tend to distribute in a smaller size and a narrower scale under high temperatures, resulting in a decrease in the air permeability. However, the air permeability had the same variation trend with fractal dimension at 400 and 450℃, but opposite above 500℃. The relationship among them was verified by comparing the experimental and theoretical results. At 600℃, the mean pore size and the air permeability reduced by 16% and 31%, respectively.
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