A novel strategy was reported on the design and fabrication of functional photosensitive hybrid sols (FPHSs) by non-alcoholic emulsification in the presence of a TiO2 nanoparticle and photoinitiator via a sol-gel process using tetraethylorthosilicate, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) and hydrophobic silane coupling agents as precursors. Smart cellulose substrates with alterable superhydrophobic–superhydrophilic conversion were fabricated using FPHS via the ultraviolet (UV) curing process. The liquid FPHS was photocured into solid gel during UV irradiation for 40 s with MPSs in FPHS, which was verified via Fourier transform infrared spectra. The cellulose substrates were modified with FPHSs, and the water contact angles of the modified cellulose substrates were more than 150°. The superhydrophobicity was improved by the gathering of hydrophobic chains and particle deposition of hybrid gel on the fiber surface. Nevertheless, the water contact angles of the modified cellulose substrates were receded with UV irradiation from 158° to 0° in 200 min, due to TiO2 photoinduction. The irradiated cellulose substrates were placed in the dark, and the water contact angles were recovered to about 130°, gradually. What is more, the reversible process can be repeated more than eight times. The modified cellulose substrate presented excellent washing fastness, even suffering 10 times washing processing. The mechanical properties, including breaking strength and elongation rate, were improved after the coating and UV curing process, which considerably remedied the defects of the heating curing process on the mechanical properties.
SongRLiangJHLinLXet al.A facile construction of gradient micro-patterned OCP coatings on medical titanium for high throughput evaluation of biocompatibility. J Mater Chem B2016; 4: 4017–4024.
2.
SuBTianYJiangL. Bioinspired interfaces with superwettability: from materials to chemistry. J Am Chem Soc2016; 138: 1727–1748.
3.
WangBZhangYBLiangWXet al.A simple route to transform normal hydrophilic cloth into a superhydrophobic-superhydrophilic hybrid surface. J Mater Chem A2014; 2: 7845–7852.
4.
RaimondoMBlosiMCaldarelliAet al.Wetting behavior and remarkable durability of amphiphobic aluminum alloys surfaces in a wide range of environmental conditions. Chem Eng J2014; 258: 101–109.
5.
DuanZFZhaoZLuoDet al.A facial approach combining photosensitive sol-gel with self-assembly method to fabricate superhydrophobic TiO2 films with patterned surface structure. Appl Surf Sci2016; 360: 1030–1035.
6.
SasakiKTenjimbayashiMManabeKet al.Asymmetric superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic cotton fabrics designed by spraying polymer and nanoparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interf2016; 8: 651–659.
7.
TokudomeYOkadaKNakahiraAet al.Switchable and reversible water adhesion on superhydrophobic titanate nanostructures fabricated on soft substrates: photopatternable wettability and thermomodulatable adhesivity. J Mater Chem A2014; 2: 58–61.
8.
NaghdiSJalehBShahbaziN. Reversible wettability conversion of electrodeposited graphene oxide/titania nanocomposite coating: Investigation of surface structures. Appl Surf Sci2016; 368: 409–416.
9.
BaiNNLiQDongHZet al.A versatile approach for preparing self-recovering superhydrophobic coatings. Chem Eng J2016; 293: 75–81.
10.
LiXGTianYXiaPPet al.Fabrication of TiO2 and metal nanoparticle-microelectrode arrays by photolithography and site-selective photocatalytic deposition. Analyt Chem2009; 81: 8249–8255.
11.
YinYJHuangRHZhangWet al.Superhydrophobic-superhydrophilic switchable wettability via TiO2 photoinduction electrochemical deposition on cellulose substrate. Chem Eng J2016; 289: 99–105.
12.
LaiYKTangYXGongJJet al.Transparent superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic TiO2-based coatings for self-cleaning and anti-fogging. J Mater Chem2012; 22: 7420–7426.
13.
HoshianSJokinenVHjortKet al.Amplified and localized photoswitching of TiO2 by micro- and nanostructuring. ACS Appl Mater Interf2015; 7: 15593–15599.
14.
QingYQYangCNYuNNet al.Superhydrophobic TiO2/polyvinylidene fluoride composite surface with reversible wettability switching and corrosion resistance. Chem Eng J2016; 290: 37–44.
15.
LiuKSCaoMYFujishimaAet al.Bio-inspired titanium dioxide materials with special wettability and their applications. Chem Rev2014; 114: 10044–10094.
16.
ChagasGRWeibelDE. UV-induced switchable wettability between superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic polypropylene surfaces with an improvement of adhesion properties. Polym Bull2017; 74: 1965–1978.
17.
ZhuYQShiJFHuangQZet al.A facile approach for TiO2-based superhydrophobic-superhydrophilic patterns by UV or solar irradiation without a photomask. Chem Commun2017; 53: 2363–2366.
18.
LimHSHanJTKwakDet al.Photoreversibly switchable superhydrophobic surface with erasable and rewritable pattern. J Am Chem Soc2006; 128: 14458–14459.
19.
ZorkoMVasiljevicJTomsicBet al.Cotton fiber hot spot in situ growth of Stober particles. Cellulose2015; 22: 3597–3607.
20.
KhatriZMayakrishnanGHirataYet al.Cationic-cellulose nanofibers: Preparation and dyeability with anionic reactive dyes for apparel application. Carbohydr Polym2013; 91: 434–443.
21.
GugliuzzaADrioliE. A review on membrane engineering for innovation in wearable fabrics and protective textiles. J Membr Sci2013; 446: 350–375.
22.
WangYFWangXWLaiCLet al.Biomimetic water-collecting fabric with light-induced superhydrophilic bumps. ACS Appl Mater Interf2016; 8: 2950–2960.
23.
BaiHWangLJuJet al.Efficient water collection on integrative bioinspired surfaces with star-shaped wettability patterns. Adv Mater2014; 26: 5025–5030.
24.
WangYFLaiCLWangXWet al.Beads-on-string structured nanofibers for smart and reversible oil/water separation with outstanding antifouling property. ACS Appl Mater Interf2016; 8: 25612–25620.
25.
Sobczyk-GuzendaASzymanowskiHJakubowskiWet al.Morphology, photocleaning and water wetting properties of cotton fabrics, modified with titanium dioxide coatings synthesized with plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. Surf Coating Technol2013; 217: 51–57.
26.
YinYJLiTFanFet al.Dynamically modifiable wettability comparisons of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates coated with F/TiO2 hybrid sol by UV irradiation. Appl Surf Sci2013; 283: 482–489.
27.
YinYJGuoNWangCXet al.Alterable superhydrophobic-superhydrophilic wettability of fabric substrates decorated with ion-TiO2 coating via ultraviolet radiation. Ind Eng Chem Res2014; 53: 14322–14328.
28.
GuoNChenYHRaoQQet al.Fabrication of durable hydrophobic cellulose surface from silane-functionalized silica hydrosol via electrochemically assisted deposition. J Appl Polym Sci2015; 132: 42733–42733.
29.
MohseniMBastaniSJannesariA. Influence of silane structure on curing behavior and surface properties of sol-gel based UV-curable organic-inorganic hybrid coatings. Progr Organ Coating2014; 77: 1191–1199.
30.
XuKZhouSXWuLM. Dispersion of gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane-functionalized zirconia nanoparticles in UV-curable formulations and properties of their cured coatings. Progr Organ Coating2010; 67: 302–310.
31.
YinYJWangCXWangYJ. Fabrication and characterization of self-assembled multifunctional coating deposition on a cellulose substrate. Colloid Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp2012; 399: 92–99.
32.
YinYJWangCXWangCXet al.Hydrophobic properties and color effects of hybrid silica spin-coatings on cellulose matrix. J Mater Sci2011; 46: 6682–6689.
33.
BanerjeeSDionysiouDDPillaiSC. Self-cleaning applications of TiO2 by photo-induced hydrophilicity and photocatalysis. Appl Catal B Environ2015; 176: 396–428.
34.
YangPHWangKLiangZWet al.Enhanced wettability performance of ultrathin ZnO nanotubes by coupling morphology and size effects. Nanoscale2012; 4: 5755–5760.
35.
NishimotoSSekineHZhangXTet al.Assembly of self-assembled monolayer-coated Al2O3 on TiO2 thin films for the fabrication of renewable superhydrophobic-superhydrophilic structures. Langmuir2009; 25: 7226–7228.
36.
GhicovASchmukiP. Self-ordering electrochemistry: a review on growth and functionality of TiO2 nanotubes and other self-aligned MOx structures. Chem Commun2009; 20: 2791–2808.
SunRDNakajimaAFujishimaAet al.Photoinduced surface wettability conversion of ZnO and TiO2 thin films. J Phys Chem B2001; 105: 1984–1990.
39.
WangLMShenYXuLHet al.Thermal crystallization of low-temperature prepared anatase nano-TiO2 and multifunctional finishing of cotton fabrics. J Text Inst2016; 107: 651–662.
40.
GaoDGFengJFMaJZet al.Zinc oxide sol-containing diallylmethyl alkyl quaternary ammonium salt synthesized by sol-gel process: characterization and properties. J Text Inst2015; 106: 593–600.
41.
MaoHYWangCXWangKZ. Gelation performance of cationic gemini silica sol with inorganic salts and its antibacterial property analysis. J Dispers Sci Technol2014; 35: 1208–1213.
42.
GaoDGChenCMaJZet al.Preparation, characterization and application of ZnO sol containing quaternary ammonium salts. J Sol Gel Sci Technol2013; 65: 336–343.
