The vast research area of modeling of three-dimensional (3D) woven fabrics can be subdivided into several domains, each of them having its own challenges and difficulties — some are already solved and implemented in software, while some still wait for their solution. This paper discusses the following problems and reviews the available solutions: coding of the structure of 3D weaves; building a geometrical model of 3D fabric; calculation of deformation resistance of a 3D fabric; transformation of the geometrical model into finite element mesh; prediction of elastic mechanical properties of 3D reinforced composites. A case study for warp interlock 3D fabrics concludes the paper.
Lomov SV, Huysmans G. and Verpoest I.Hierarchy of textile structures and architecture of fabric geometric models . Text Res J2001; 71: 534-543.
2.
Lomov SV, Gusakov AV, Huysmans G., Prodromou A. and Verpoest I.Textile geometry preprocessor for mesomechanical models of woven composites . Compos Sci Technol2000; 60: 2083-2095.
3.
Lomov SV, Huysmans G., Luo Y., Parnas R., Prodromou A., Verpoest I., et al. Textile composites: modelling strategies. Composites Part A2001; 32: 1379-1394.
4.
Lomov SV, Verpoest I. and Robitaille F.Manufacturing and internal geometry of textiles. In: Long AC (ed.) Design and manufacture of textile composites. Woodhead: Cambridge , 2005, pp.1-60.
5.
Verpoest I. and Lomov SVVirtual textile composites software Wisetex: integration with micro-mechanical, permeability and structural analysis. Compos Sci Technol2005; 65: 2563-2574.
6.
Lomov SV and Gusakov AVCoding of carcasse-layered weaves. Technologia Tekstilnoy Promyshlennosty1993; 4: 40-45.
7.
Lomov SV and Gusakov AVModellirung von dreidimensionalen gewebe Strukturen. Technische Textilen1995; 38: 20-21.
8.
Chen X. and Potiyaraj P.CAD/CAM of orthogonal and angle-interlock woven structures for industrial applications. Text Res J1999; 69: 648-655.
9.
Chen X. and Potiyaraj P.CAD/CAM for complex woven fabrics. Part I. Backed cloths. J Text Inst1998; 89: 532-545.
10.
Chen X. and Potiyaraj P.CAD/CAM for complex woven fabrics. Part II. Multi-layer fabrics. J Text Inst1999; 90: 73-90.
11.
Ping G. and Lixin D.Algorithms for computer-aided construction of double weaves: application of the Kronecker product. J Text Inst1999 ; 90: 158-176.
12.
Lomov SV, Gusakov AV and Cassidy C.3D fabrics: technology, structure properties and mathematical simulation . In: EUROMECH-334, Textile Composites and Textile Structures . Lyon, 1995, pp.187-200.
13.
Lomov SV and Truevtzev NNA software package for the prediction of woven fabrics geometrical and mechanical properties. Fibres Text East Eur1995; 3: 49-52.
14.
Hivet G. and Boisse P.Consistent 3D geometrical model of fabric elementary cell. Application to a meshing preprocessor for 3D finite element analysis. Finite Elem Anal Des2005; 42: 25-49.
15.
Crookston JJ , Sherburn MN, Zhao LG, Ooi J., Long AC and Jones IAFinite element analysis of textile composite unit cells using conventional and novel techniques. In: Proceedings ICCM-15. Durban, CD edition, 2005.
16.
Lomov SV and Verpoest I.Model of shear of woven fabric and parametric description of shear resistance of glass woven reinforcements. Compos Sci Technol2006; 66: 919-933.
17.
Lomov SV and Verpoest I.Compression of woven reinforcements: a mathematical model. J Reinf Plast Compos2000; 19: 1329-1350.
18.
Lomov SVVirtual testing for material formability. In: Long A (ed.) Composite forming technologies. Cambridge: Woodhead, 2007, pp.80-116.
19.
Lomov SV, Truong Chi T., Verpoest I., Peeters T., Roose V., Boisse P., et al. Mathematical modelling of internal geometry and deformability of woven performs. Int J Form Processes2003 ; 6: 413-442.
20.
Kawabata S. , Niwa M. and Kawai H.The finite-deformation theory of plain weave fabrics Part I. The biaxial-deformation theory. J Text Inst1973; 64: 21-46.
21.
Kawabata S. , Niwa M. and Kawai H.The finite-deformation theory of plain weave fabrics. Part II. The uniaxial-deformation theory. J Text Inst1973; 64: 47-61.
22.
Hearle JWS , Konopasek M. and Newton A.On some general features of a computer-based system for calculation of the mechanics of textile structure. Text Res J1972; 42: 613-626.
23.
Olofsson B.A general model of a fabric as a geometric-mechanical structure. J Text Inst1964; 55: T541-T557.
24.
Lomov SV and Primachenko BMMathematical modelling of two-layered woven fabric under tension. Technologia Tekstilnoy Promyshlennosty1992; 1: 49-53.
25.
Lomov SV, Nakai A., Parnas RS, Bandyopadhyay Ghosh S. and Verpoest I.Experimental and theoretical characterisation of the geometry of flat two- and three-axial braids. Text Res J2002 ; 72: 706-712.
26.
Kawabata S. , Niwa M. and Kawai H.The finite-deformation theory of plain weave fabrics. Part III. The shear-deformation theory. J Text Inst1973; 64: 42-85.
27.
Lomov SV, Ivanov DS, Verpoest I., Zako M., Kurashiki T., Nakai H., et al. Meso-FE modelling of textile composites: road map, data flow and algorithms. Compos Sci Technol2007; 67: 1870-1891.
28.
Zako M., Uetsuji Y. and Kurashiki T.Finite element analysis of damaged woven fabric composite materials . Compos Sci Technol2003; 63: 507-516.
29.
Durville D.Numerical simulation of entangled materials mechanical properties. J Mater Sci2005; 40: 5941-5948.
30.
Durville D.Finite element simulation of textile materials at mesoscopic scale. In: Proceedings of the symposium ‘Finite element modelling of textiles and textile composites’ . St. Petersburg, 2007.
31.
Boisse P., Buet K., Gasser A. and Launay J.Meso/macromechanical behaviour of textile reinforcements for thin composites . Compos Sci Technol2001; 61: 395-401.
32.
Boisse P., Gasser A. and Hivet G.Analyses of fabric tensile behaviour: determination of the biaxial tension-strain surfaces and their use in forming simulations. Composites Part A2001; 32: 1395-1414.
33.
Boisse P., Zouari B. and Gasser A.A mesoscopic approach for the simulation of woven fibre composite forming . Compos Sci Technol2005; 65: 429-436.
34.
Gasser A., Boisse P. and Hanklar S.Analysis of the mechanical behaviour of dry fabric reinforcements. 3D simulations versus biaxial tests. Comput Mater Sci2000 ; 17: 7-20.
35.
Sagar TV, Potluri P. and Hearle JWS.Mesoscale modelling of interlaced fibre assemblies using energy method . Comput Mater Sci2003; 28: 49-62.
36.
Huysmans G. , Verpoest I. and Van Houtte P.A poly-inclusion approach for the elastic modelling of knitted fabric composites . Acta Mater1998; 46: 3003-3013.
37.
Huysmans G. , Verpoest I. and Van Houtte P.A damage model for knitted fabric composites . Composites Part A2001; 32: 1465-1475.
38.
Lomov SV, Dufort L., De Luca P. and Verpoest I.Mesomacro integration of modelling of stiffness of textile composites . In: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference of SAMPE Europe. Paris, 2007, pp.403-408.
39.
Desplentere F., Lomov SV, Woerdeman DL, Verpoest I., Wevers M. and Bogdanovich A.Micro-CT characterization of variability in 3D textile architecture. Compos Sci Technol2005; 65: 1920-1930.
40.
Gorbatikh L. , Ivanov D., Lomov SV and Verpoest I.On modelling of damage evolution in textile composites on meso-level via property degradation approach. Composites Part A2007; 38: 2433-2442.
41.
Lomov SV, Boisse P., Deluycker E., Morestin F., Vanclooster K., Vandepitte D. et al. Full field strain measurements in textile deformability studies . Composites Part A2008; 39: 1232-1244.
