The influence of water vapor plasma on chemical, morphological and mechanical properties of bleached and mercerized cotton fabric was studied. Reactive exhaust dyeing was used for loading of nano silver. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy results show that plasma treatment enhanced nano silver adhesion to the fabric, which also contributed to antimicrobial effectiveness to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Surface changes of plasma treated cotton were observed with scanning electron microscopy. Xray photoelectron spectroscopy results show the decrease of C—C bonds in favor of C—O, O—C—O, C=O, and O=C—O bonds and higher O/C atomic ratio in plasma treated fibers. Mechanical properties of cotton yarn after plasma treatment remained unchanged.
Mozetic, M., Cvelbar, U., Sunkara, M.K., and Vaddiraju, S., A Method for the Rapid Synthesis of Large Quantities of Metal Oxide Nanowires at Low Temperatures, Adv. Mater., 17(17), 2138-2142 (2005).
2.
Chen, Z.Q., Cvelbar, U., Mozetic, M., He, J.Q., and Sunakara, M.K., Long-range Ordering of Oxygen-vacancy Planes in α-Fe2O3 Nanowires and Nanobelts, Chem. Mater., 20(9), 3224-3228 (2008).
3.
Denysenko, I. , Ostrikov, K., Cvelbar, U., Mozetic, M., and Azarenkov, N.A., Carbon Nanofiber Growth in Plasma-enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition, J. Appl. Phys., 104(7), art. no. 073301 ( 2008).
4.
Cvelbar, U., Ostrikov, K., and Mozetic, M., Reactive Oxygen Plasma-Enabled Synthesis of Nanostructured Cdo: Tailoring Nanostructures through Plasma-surface Interactions, Nanotech. , 19 (40), art. no. 405605 (2008).
5.
Cvelbar, U., Chen, Z.Q., Sunkara, M.K., and Mozetic, M., Spontaneous Growth of Superstructure alpha-Fe2O3 Nanowire and Nanobelt Arrays in Reactive Oxygen Plasma, Small, 4(10), 1610-1614 (2008).
6.
Levchenko, I. , Rider, A.E., and Ostrikov , K., Control of Core-shell Structure and Elemental Composition of Binary Quantum Dots, Appl. Phys. Lett., 90(19) (2007).
7.
Cvelbar, U., Mozetic, M., and Zalar, A., Improvement of Electrical Conductivity of Cu/Ag Glue Joints by Discharge Clearing , Vacuum, 71, 207-211 (2003).
8.
Vesel, A., Mozetic, M., Drenik, A., Milosevic, S., Krstulovic, N., Balat-Pichelin, M., Poberaj, I., and Babic, D., Cleaning of Porous Aluminium Titanate by Oxygen Plasma, PlasmaChem. Plasma Process., 26(6), 577-584 ( 2006).
9.
Vesel, A., Mozetic, M., Hladnik, A., Dolenc, J., Zule, J., Milosevic, S., Krstulovic, N., Klanjsek-Gunde, M., and Hauptmann, N., Modification of Ink-jet Paper by Oxygen-Plasma Treatment, J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys., 40(12), 3689-3696 ( 2007).
10.
Mozetic, M. , Zalar, A., Panjan, P., Bele, M., Pejovnik, S., and Grmek, R., A Method of Studying Carbon Particle Distribution in Paint Films, Thin Sol. Films, 376(1-2), 5-8 (2000).
11.
Cvelbar, U. , Pejovnik, S., Mozetic, M., and Zalar, A., Increased Surface Roughness by Oxygen Plasma Treatment of Graphite/Polymer Composite, Appl. Surf. Sci. , 210(3-4), 255- 261 (2003).
12.
Gunde, M.K. , Kunaver, M., Hrovat, A., and Cvelbar, U., Bonding Process Efficiency and Al-Flake Orientation during the Curing of Powder Coatings, Prog. Org. Coatings , 54(2), 113-119 (2005).
13.
Cvelbar, U. , Mozetic, M., and Klanjšek Gunde, M., Selective Oxygen Plasma Etching of Coatings, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 33(2), 236-237 (2005).
14.
Cvelbar, U. , Vujosevic, D., Vratnica, Z., and Mozetic, M., The Influence of Substrate Material on Bacteria Sterilization in an Oxygen Plasma Glow Discharge, J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys., 39(16), 3487-3493 ( 2006).
15.
Vujosevic, D., Mozetic, M., Cvelbar, U., Krstulovic, N., and Milosevic, S., Optical Emission Spectroscopy Characterization of Oxygen Plasma during Degradation of Escherichia coli, J. Appl. Phys., 101(10), art. no. 103305 (2007).
16.
Mozetic, M. , Zalar, A., and Drobnic, M., Recombination of Neutral Hydrogen Atoms on AISI 304 Stainless Steel Surface, Appl. Surf. Sci., 145, 399-403 (1999).
17.
Mozetic, M. , and Zalar, A., Recombination of Neutral Oxygen Atoms on Stainless Steel Surface, Appl. Surf. Sci., 158(3-4), 263-267 ( 2000).
18.
Vesel, A., Mozetic, M., and Zalar, A., Oxidation of AISI 304L Stainless Steel Surface with Atomic Oxygen, Appl. Surf. Sci., 200(1-4), 94-103 (2002).
19.
Mozetic, M., Zalar, A., Cvelbar, U., and Babic, D., AES Characterization of Thin Oxide Films Growing on Al Foil during Oxygen Plasma Treatment, Surf. Interface Anal., 36(8), 986- 988 (2004).
20.
Vesel, A., Drenik, A., Mozetic, M., Zalar, A., Balat-Pichelin, M., and Bele, M., AES Investigation of the Stainless Steel Surface Oxidized in Plasma, Vacuum, 82(2), 228-231 (2007).
21.
Mozetic, M., Cvelbar, U., Vesel, A., Krstulovic, N., and Milosevic, S., Interaction of Oxygen Plasma with Aluminum Substrates, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 36(4), 868-869 ( 2008).
22.
Mozetic, M., Controlled Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Oxygen Plasma, Vacuum, 71(1-2), 237-240 (2003).
23.
Mozetic, M., Reactive Plasma Technologies in Electronic Industry, Informacije MIDEM, 33, 222-227 (2003).
24.
Vesel, A., and Mozetic, M., Behaviour of Catalytic Probe during Surface Activation of Polyether Sulphone , Vacuum, 61, 373-377 (2001).
25.
Krstulovic, N., Labazan, I., Milosevic, S., Cvelbar, U., Vesel, A., and Mozetic, M., Optical Emission Spectroscopy Characterization of Oxygen Plasma during Treatment of a PET Foil, J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys., 39(17), 3799-3804 ( 2006).
26.
Cvelbar, U. , Mozetic, M., Junkar, I., Vesel, A., Kovac, J., Drenik, A., Vrlinic, T., Hauptman, N., Klanjsek-Gunde , M.Markoli, B., Krstulovic, N., Milosevic, S., Gaboriau, F., and Belmonte, T., Oxygen Plasma Functionalization of Poly (p-Phenilene Sulphide), Appl. Surf. Sci., 253(21), 8669-8673 (2007 ).
27.
Vrlinic, T. , Vesel, A., Cvelbar, U., Krajnc, M., and Mozetic, M., Rapid Surface Functionalization of Poly(ethersulphone) Foils using a Highly Reactive Oxygen-Plasma Treatment, Surf. Interface Anal., 39(6), 476-481 ( 2007).
28.
Vesel, A., Mozetic, M., and Zalar, A., XPS Characterization of PTFE after Treatment with RF Oxygen and Nitrogen Plasma, Surf. Interface Anal, 40(3-4), 661-663 (2008).
29.
Vesel, A., Mozetic, M., and Zalar, A., XPS Study of Oxygen Plasma Activated PET, Vacuum, 82(2), 248-251 (2005).
30.
Drenik, A., Cvelbar, U., Vesel, A., and Mozetic, M., Weakly Ionized Oxygen Plasma, Informacije MIDEM, 35, 85-91 (2005).
31.
Ferreira, J.A. , and Tabares, F.L., Cryotrapping Assisted Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Complex Gas Mixtures, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 25(2), 246-251 (2007).
32.
Ferreira, J.A. , Tabares, F.L., and Tafalla, D., Removal of Carbon Deposits in Narrow Gaps by Oxygen Plasmas at Low Pressure, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A , 25(4), 746-750 (2007).
33.
Radetic, M. , Jovancic, P., Puac, N., and Petrovic, Z. Lj., Environmental Impact of Plasma Application to Textiles, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.71(1), article no. 012017 (2007).
34.
Morent, R., De Geyter, N., Verschuren, J., De Clerck, K., Kiekens, P., and Leys, C., Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment of Textiles, Surf. Coat. Technol. , 202, 3427-3449 (2008).
35.
Verschuren, J., Kiekens, P., and Leys, C., Textile-Specific Properties that Influence Plasma Treatment, Effect Creation and Effect Characterization, Text. Res. J., 77(10), 727-733 ( 2007).
36.
Jovančić, P., Jocić, D., Radetić , M., Topalović, T., and Petrović, Z. Lj., The Influence of Surface Modification on Related Functional Properties of Wool and Hemp, Mater. Sci. Forum, 494, 283-290 ( 2005).
37.
Radetic, M. , Jovancic, P., Jocic, D., Topalovic, T., Puac, N., and Petrovic, Z.Lj., The Influence of Low-temperature Plasma and Enzymatic Treatment on Hemp Fabric Dyeability, Fibres Textiles Eastern Europe, 15(4), 93-96 ( 2007).
38.
Sun, D. , and Stylios, G.K., Effect of Low Temperature Plasma Treatment on the Scouring and Dyeing of Natural Fabrics, Textile Res. J., 74(9), 751-756 (2004).
39.
Tsai, P.P., Wadsworth, L.C., and Roth, J.R., Surface Modification of Fabrics using a One-atmosphere Glow Discharge Plasma to Improve Fabric Wettability, Textile Res. J., 67(5), 359-369 (1997).
40.
Samanta, K.K. , Jassal, M., and Agrawal, A.K., Improvement in Water and Oil Absorbency of Textile Substrate by Atmospheric Pressure Cold Plasma Treatment, Surf. Coat. Technol., 203(10-11), 1336-1342 (2009).
41.
Chen, W., Li, X., Roth, J.R., and Tsai, P.P., Effects of Exposure to a One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUDP™) on the Surface Energy and Strength of Nanofiber Fabrics, in "IEEE Int. Conf. on Plasma Science", IEEE, 2003, p. 298.
42.
Souto, A.P., Carneiro, N., Knott, J., Kaufmann, R., Severich, B., and Hoecker, H., L’influence du Traitement Corona sur la Cuticule de la Fibre de Cotton , in "17th IFATCC Congress, Vienna, Austria, 1996" , IFATCC.
43.
Carneiro, N. , Souto, A.P., Marimba, A., Marques, A.P., Leal, C., and Burrows, H.D., Hydrophilization mechanisms of cotton fibers after corona discharge, "Spring Meeting of The Fiber Society , Guimarães, Portugal", Vol. 171, 2000.
44.
Molina, R., Jovančić, P., Jocić, D., Bertran, E., and Erra, P., Surface Characterization of Keratin Fibres Treated by Water Vapour Plasma, Surf. Interface Anal., 35(2), 128-135 (2003).
45.
Radetić, M., Topalović , T., Petrović, Z. Lj., Jocić, D., and Jovančić, P., The Influence of Low-temperature Plasma Treatment on Dyeing Properties of Hemp, Tekstilna Industrija, 52(10-12), 5-10 ( 2004).
46.
Navaneetha Pandiyaraj, K., and Selvarajan , V., Non-thermal Plasma Treatment for Hydrophilicity Improvement of Grey Cotton Fabrics, J. Mater. Proc. Technol., 199, 130-139 (2008).
47.
Malek, R.M.A. , and Holme, I., The Effect of Plasma Treatment on Some Properties of Cotton, Iranian Polym. J., 12(4), 271-280 (2003).
48.
Prabaharan, M., and Carneiro, N., Effect of Low-temperature Plasma on Cotton Fabric and its Application to Bleaching and Dyeing, Ind. J. Fibre Text., 30(1), 68-74 ( 2005).
49.
Castelvetro, V., Fatarella, E., Corsi, L., Giaiacopi, S., and Ciardelli, G.Graft Polymerisation of Functional Acrylic Monomers onto Cotton Fibres by Continuous Ar Plasma, Plasma Process. Polym., 3(1), 48-57 (2005).
50.
Roth, J.R., and Bonds, T.A., The Application of a one Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP®) to Roll-to-Roll Surface Energy Enhancement and Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (PCVD) on Films and Fabrics, "TANCON 2006 - 15th TANDEC Nonwovens Conf. Proc."TANDEC, 2006, p. 11.
51.
Morent, R., De Geyter, N., Leys, C., Gengembre, L., and Payen, E., Surface Modification of Non-Woven Textiles using a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Operating in Air, Helium and Argon at Medium Pressure, Textile Res. J., 77(7), 471-488 (2007).
52.
Tsai, P.P., Roth, J.R., and Chen, W.W.Strength, SurfaceEnergy, and Ageing of Meltblown and Electrospun Nylon and Polyurethane (PU) Fabrics Treated by a One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP™) , Textile Res. J., 75(12), 819-825 (2005).
53.
Köhler, M., and Fritzsche, W., "Nanotechnology, An introduction to Nanostructuring Techniques", 2nd edn, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA , Weinheim, 2007.
54.
Perelshtein, I., Applerot, G., Perkas, N., Guibert, G.Mikhailov, S., and Gedanken, A., Sonochemical Coating of Silver Nanoparticles on Textile Fabrics (Nylon, Polyester and Cotton) and their Antibacterial Activity , Nanotechnology, 19(24), (2008).
55.
Falleta, E., Bonini, M., Fratini, E., Lo Nostro, A., Pesavento, G., Becheri, A., Lo Nostro, P., Canton, P., and Baglioni, P., Clusters of Poly(acrilates) and Silver Nanoparticles: Structure and Application for Antimicrobial Fabrics, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112(31), 11758-11766 (2008).
56.
Tomsic, B., Simoncic, B., Orel, B., Cerne, L., Tavcer, P.F., Zorko, M., Jerman, I., Vilcnik, A., and Kovac, J., Sol-Gel Coating of Cellulose Fibers with Antimicrobial and Repellent Properties , J. Sol-gel Sci. Technol., 47(1), 44-57 (2008).
57.
Chen, C.Y., and Chiang, C.L., Preparation of Cotton Fibers with Antibacterial Silver Nanoparticles, Mater . Lett., 62(21-22), 3607-3609 (2008).
58.
Gorensek, M. , and Recelj, P., Nanosilver Functionalized Cotton Fabric, Textile Res. J., 77(3), 138-141 ( 2007).
59.
Yen, M.S. , Chen, J.C., Hong, P.D., and Chen, C.C., Pore Structures and Anti-Bacterial Properties of Cotton Fabrics Treated with DMDHEU-AA by Plasma Processes, Textile Res. J., 76(3), 208-215 ( 2006).
60.
Virk, R.K., Ramaswamy, G.N., Bourham, M., and Bures, B.L., Plasma and Antimicrobial Treatment of Nonwoven Fabrics for Surgical Gowns , Textile Res. J., 74(12), 1073-1079 (2004).
61.
Sun, D. , and Stylios, G.K., Fabric Surface Properties Affected by Low Temperature Plasma Treatment, J. Mater. Proc. Technol., 73, 172-177, (2006).
62.
Gorjanc, M. , Jovancic, P., and Gorensek, M., Nano Silver on Cotton, in "Hot Nano Topics 2008: Incorporating SLONANO 2008, 3 Overlapping Workshops on Current Hot Subjects in Nanoscience, 23-30 May, Portorož, Slovenia: abstract book"IJS, 2008, p. 239.
63.
Gorensek, M. , Gorjanc, M., Bukosek, V., Kovac, J., Jovancic, P., and Mihailovic , D., Functionalization of PET Fabrics by Corona and Nano Silver, Textile Res. J., in press (2009).
