Forced migration - including refugee flows, asylum seekers, internal displacement and development-induced displacement - has increased considerably in volume and political significance since the end of the Cold War. It has become an integral part of North-South relationships and is closely linked to current processes of global social transformation. This makes it as important for sociologists to develop empirical research and analysis on forced migration as it is to include it in their theoretical understandings of contemporary society. The study of forced migration is linked to research on economic migration, but has its own specific research topics, methodological problems and conceptual issues. Forced migration needs to be analysed as a social process in which human agency and social networks play a major part. It gives rise to fears of loss of state control, especially in the context of recent concerns about migration and security. In this context, it is essential to question earlier sociological approaches, which have been based on the principle of relatively autonomous national societies. The sociology of forced migration must be a transnational and interdisciplinary undertaking.
Alba, R. and V. Nee (1997) `Rethinking Assimilation Theory for a New Era of Immigration', International Migration Review31(4): 826-874.
2.
Arango, J. (2000) `Explaining Migration: A Critical View', International Social Science Journal165: 283-296.
3.
Balibar, E. and I. Wallerstein (1991) Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities. London: Verso.
4.
Basch, L. , N. Glick-Schiller and C.S. Blanc (1994) Nations Unbound: Transnational Projects, Post-Colonial Predicaments and Deterritorialized Nation-States. New York: Gordon and Breach.
5.
Bauman, Z. (1998) Globalization: The Human Consequences. Cambridge: Polity.
6.
Beck, U. (1997) Was ist Globalisierung?Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
7.
Black, R. (1998) Refugees, Environment and Development. London: Longman.
8.
Black, R. (2001) `Fifty Years of Refugee Studies: From Theory to Policy', International Migration Review35(1): 57-78.
9.
Brettell, C.B. and J.F. Hollifield (2000) Migration Theory: Talking Across Disciplines. New York and London: Routledge.
10.
Castells, M. (1996) The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell.
11.
Castells, M. (1997) The Power of Identity. Oxford: Blackwell.
12.
Castells, M. (1998) End of Millennium. Oxford: Blackwell.
13.
Castles, S. (2000) `Thirty Years of Research on Migration and Multicultural Societies', pp. 1-25 in S. Castles (ed.) Globalization and Ethnicity: From Migrant Worker to Transnational Citizen. London: Sage.
14.
Castles, S. (2001a) `International Migration and the Nation-state in Asia', pp. 178-201 in M.A.B. Siddique (ed.) International Migration in the 21st CenturyCheltenham: Edward Elgar.
15.
Castles, S. (2001b) `Studying Social Transformation', International Political Science Review22(1): 13-32.
16.
Castles, S. , H. Booth and T. Wallace (1984) Here for Good: Western Europe's New Ethnic Minorities. London: Pluto Press.
17.
Castles, S. , B. Cope, M. Kalantzis and M. Morrissey (1988) Mistaken Identity - Multiculturalism and the Demise of Nationalism in Australia. Sydney: Pluto Press.
18.
Castles, S. and M.J. Miller (1998) The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World. London: Macmillan.
19.
Cernea, M.M. and C. McDowell (2000) Risks and Reconstruction: Experiences of Resettlers and Refugees. Washington DC: World Bank.
20.
Chimni, B.S. (1998) `The Geo-politics of Refugee Studies: A View from the South', Journal of Refugee Studies11(4): 350-374.
21.
Cohen, R. (1997) Global Diasporas: An Introduction. London: University College London Press.
22.
Cohen, R. and F.M. Deng (1998) Masses in Flight: The Global Crisis of Internal Displacement. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.
23.
Cohen, R. and P. Kennedy (2000) Global Sociology. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
24.
Connell, R.W. (1997) `Why is Classical Theory Classical?', American Journal of Sociology102(6): 1511-1557.
25.
Duffield, M. (2001) Global Governance and the New Wars: The Merging of Development and Security. London and New York: Zed Books.
26.
Faist, T. (2000) The Volume and Dynamics of International Migration and Transnational Social Spaces. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
27.
Gallagher, A. (2002) `Trafficking, Smuggling and Human Rights: Tricks and Treaties', Forced Migration Review12: 25-28.
28.
Goldberg, D. (1993) Racist Culture: Philosophy and the Politics of Meaning. Oxford: Blackwell.
29.
Gordon, M. (1964) Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religon and National Origins. New York: Oxford University Press.
30.
Held, D. , A. McGrew, D. Goldblatt and J. Perraton (1999) Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture. Cambridge: Polity.
31.
Hoogvelt, A. (1997) Globalization and the Postcolonial World. Basingstoke and London: Macmillan.
32.
IOM (2000) World Migration Report 2000. Geneva: International Organization for Migration.
33.
Kaldor, M. (2001) New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era. Cambridge: Polity.
34.
Lal, B.B. (1986) `The `Chicago School' of American Sociology, Symbolic Interactionism and Race Relations Theory', pp. 280-298 in J. Rex and D. Mason (eds) Theories of Race and Ethnic Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
35.
Lutz, H. , A. Phoenix and N. Yuval-Davis (1995) Crossfires: Nationalism, Racism and Gender in Europe. London: Pluto Press.
36.
Massey, D.S. , J. Arango, G. Hugo, A. Kouaouci, A. Pellegrino and J.E. Taylor (1998) Worlds in Motion, Understanding International Migration at the End of the Millennium. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
37.
Massey, D.S. , J. Arango, G. Hugo, A. Kouaouci, J.E. Taylor and A. Pellegrino (1993) `Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal', Population and Development Review19(3): 431-466.
38.
Myers, N. and J. Kent (1995) Environmental Exodus: An Emergent Crisis in the Global Arena. Washington DC: Climate Institute.
39.
OECD (2001) Trends in International Migration: Annual Report 2001. Paris: OECD.
40.
Park, R.E. (1950) Race and Culture. Glencoe: The Free Press.
41.
Portes, A. (1997) `Immigration Theory for New Century: Some Problems and Opportunities', International Migration Review31(4): 799-825.
42.
Portes, A. (1999) `Conclusion: Towards a New World - the Origins and Effects of Transnational Activities', Ethnic and Racial Studies22(2): 463-477.
43.
Roy, A. (1999) `The Greater Common Good', pp. 1-102 in A. Roy (ed.) The Cost of Living. London: Flamingo.
44.
Sassen, S. (1991) The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
45.
Solomos, J. (1993) Race and Racism in Contemporary Britain, 2nd edn.London: Macmillan.
46.
Stiglitz, J.E. (1998) `Towards a New Paradigm for Development: Strategies, Policies and Processes', 1998 Prebisch Lecture UNCTAD. Geneva: World Bank.
47.
Summerfield, D. (1999) `Sociocultural Dimensions of War, Conflict and Displacement', pp. 111-135 in A. Ager (ed.) Refugees: Perspectives on the Experience of Forced Migration. London and New York: Pinter.
48.
UNHCR (1995) The State of the World's Refugees: In Search of Solutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
49.
UNHCR (1997) The State of the World's Refugees 1997-98: A Humanitarian Agenda. Oxford: Oxford University Press for United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
50.
UNHCR (2000) Global Report 2000: Achievements and Impact. Geneva: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
51.
Van Hear, N. (1998) New Diasporas: The Mass Exodus, Dispersal and Regrouping of Migrant Communities. London: University College London Press.
52.
Vasta, E. and S. Castles (1996) The Teeth are Smiling: The Persistence of Racism in Multicultural Australia. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
53.
Vertovec, S. (1999) `Conceiving and Researching Transnationalism', Ethnic and Racial Studies22(2): 445-462.
54.
Weiner, M. and S.S. Russell (2001) Demography and National Security. New York and Oxford: Berghahn.
55.
Wieviorka, M. (1994) `Introduction', pp. 7-25 in M. Wieviorka, P. Bataille, K. Couper, D. Martuccelli and A. Peralva (eds) Racisme et Xénophobie en Europe: une Comparaison Internationale. Paris: La Découverte.
56.
World Commission on Dams (2000) Dams and Development: A New Framework for Decision-Making. London: Earthscan Publications.
57.
Wrench, J. and J. Solomos (1993) Racism and Migration in Western Europe. Oxford: Berg Publishers.
58.
Zhou, M. (1997) `Segmented Assimilation: Issues, Controversies, and Recent Research on the New Second Generation', International Migration Review31(4): 975-1008.
59.
Zlotnik, H. (1999) `Trends of International Migration since 1965: What Existing Data Reveal', International Migration37(1): 21-62.
60.
Zolberg, A.R. (2001) `Introduction: Beyond the Crisis', pp. 1-16 in A.R. Zolberg and P.M. Benda (eds) Global Migrants, Global Refugees: Problems and Solutions. New York and Oxford: Berghahn.
61.
Zolberg, A.R. , A. Suhrke and S. Aguayo (1989) Escape from Violence. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
