Some investigators have demonstrated that an anchor system can improve postural control in elderly persons during balance tasks, but none have reported on the use of this approach in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of an anchor system on postural sway in elderly individuals with (n = 13) and without (n = 14) PD. In this cross-sectional study, we measured postural sway with a force platform based on the Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction of Balance (CTSIB). We calculated center of pressure (COP) parameters, as a function of time, based on the ellipse sway area (cm2) and evaluated self-efficacy for postural control based on the degree of difficulty in each task. With the anchor system (i.e., handheld ropes attached to weights on the floor), we observed a significant reduction in the ellipse sway area in the semi-tandem position among individuals with PD (p = .04). For participants without PD, there was no significant difference in sway with or without the anchor system in all positions. Also, for participants with PD, there was an improvement in self-efficacy for postural control associated with the anchor system in several positions while there was only a self-efficacy improvement with the anchor system in the semi-tandem position for those without PD. Acute use of a haptic anchor system reduced postural sway in the semi-tandem position in individuals with PD, and the anchor system generally improved postural control self-efficacy for body sway in individuals with PD.
AlmirR.C.FontesR.C.MoraesR.de GC BarrosC.De AbreuD. (2020) Effects of the use of anchor systems in the rehabilitation of dynamic balance and gait in individuals with chronic dizziness of peripheral vestibular origin: A single-blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial. The Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 101(2), 249–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2019.07.012
2.
AnackerS. L.Di FabioR. P. (1992). Influence of sensory inputs on standing balance in community-dwelling elders with a recent history of falling. Physical Therapy, 72(8), 575–584. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/72.8.575
3.
BaldanA. M.AloucheS. R.AraujoI. M.FreitasS. M. (2014). Effect of light touch on postural sway in individuals with balance problems: A systematic review. Gait and Posture, 40(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.12.028
BarterJ. W.CastroS.SukharnikovaT.RossiM. A.YinH. H. (2014). The role of the substantia nigra in posture control. European Journal of Neuroscience, 39(9), 1465–1473. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.12540
6.
BatistelaRAOatesAMoraesR.Haptic information and cognitive-visual task reduce postural sway in faller and non-faller older adults. Hum Mov Sci. 2018 Aug; 60: 150–161. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.06.005. Epub 2018 Jun 14. PMID: 29902704.
7.
BryantM. S.RintalaD. H.HouJ. G.ProtasE. J.Influence of fear of falling on gait and balance in Parkinson's disease. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2014; 36(9): 744–748. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2013.814722
8.
CastroE. M. (2004). Developing an “anchor” system to enhance postural control. Motor Control, 8(2004), 339–358. https://doi.org/10.1123/mcj.8.3.339
9.
ChouK. L.ElmJ. J.WielinskiC. L.SimonD. K.AminoffM. J.ChristineC. W.LiangG. S.HauserR. A.SudarskyL.UmehC. C.VossT.JuncosJ.FangJ. Y.BoydJ. T.Bodis-WollnerI.MariZ.MorganJ. C.WillsA. M.LeeS. L.ParashosS. A.NINDS NET-PD Investigators. (2017). Factors associated with falling in early, treated Parkinson’s disease: The NET-PD LS1 cohort. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 377, 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2017.04.011
10.
CostaA. A.ManciopiP. A.Mauerberg-deCastroE.MoraesR. (2015). Haptic information provided by the "anchor system" reduces trunk sway acceleration in the frontal plane during tandem walking in older adults. Neuroscience Letters, 609(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.004
11.
CostaA. A. D. S.SantosL. O. D.Mauerberg-deCastroE.MoraesR. (2018). Task difficulty has no effect on haptic anchoring during tandem walking in young and older adults. Neuroscience Letters, 666, 133–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2017.12.052
12.
CruzC. F.GenovesG. G.DonáF.FerrazH. B.BarelaJ. A. (2020). People in early stages of Parkinson’s disease are able to intentionally reweight the use of visual information for postural control. PeerJ, 8, Article e8552. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8552
13.
DelamarreA.MeissnerW. G. (2017, March). Epidemiology, environmental risk factors and genetics of Parkinson’s disease. Presse Medicale, 46(2 Pt. 1), 175–181.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2017.01.001
14.
de MoraesR.Mauerberg-DeCastroE. (2009). The use of a non-rigid tool reduces body sway in older individuals. Motriz. Revista de Educação Física, 15(2), 263–272. https://doi.org/10.5016/2373
15.
DixM. R.HallpikeC. S. (1952). The pathology symptomatology and diagnosis of certain common disorders of the vestibular system. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, Proceedings of the Society of Medicine, 45(6),341–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/003591575204500604
16.
DomingosJ.KeusS. H. J.DeanJ.de VriesN. M.FerreiraJ. J.BloemB. R. (2018). The European physiotherapy guideline for Parkinson’s disease: Implications for neurologists. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, 8(4), 499–502. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-181383
17.
DorseyE. R.ShererT.OkunM. S.BloemB. R. (2018). The emerging evidence of the Parkinson pandemic. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, 8(s1), S3–S8. https://doi.org/10.3233/JPD-181474
18.
DuarteM.FreitasS. M. S. F. (2010). Revision of posturography based on force plate for balance evaluation. Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia, 14(3), 183–192. http://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552010000300003
19.
FaizK. W.PihlstrømL. (2017). Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism. Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening: Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke, 137(4), 298. doi:https://doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.16.0915
20.
FolsteinM. F.FolsteinS. E.McHughP. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6
21.
FreitasMde B.Mauerberg-deCastroE.MoraesR. (2013). Intermittent use of an “anchor system” improves postural control in healthy older adults. Gait and Posture, 38(3), 433–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.01.004
22.
FujitaK. A.OstaszewskiM.MatsuokaY.GhoshS.GlaabE.TrefoisC.CrespoI.PerumalT. M.JurkowskiW.AntonyP. M.DiederichN.ButtiniM.KodamaA.SatagopamV. P.EifesS.Del SolA.SchneiderR.KitanoH.BallingR. (2014). Integrating pathways of Parkinson’s disease in a molecular interaction map. Molecular Neurobiology, 49(1), 88–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-013-8489-4
23.
GoetzC. G.PoeweW.RascolO.SampaioC.StebbinsG. T.CounsellC.GiladiN.HollowayR. G.MooreC. G.WenningG. K.YahrM. D.SeidlL.Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Rating Scales for Parkinson’ Disease. (2004). Movement disorder society task force report on the Hoehn and Yahr staging scale: Status and recommendations. Movement Disorders, 19(9), 1020–1028. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20213
24.
GoetzC. G.TilleyB. C.ShaftmanS. R.StebbinsG. T.FahnS.Martinez-MartinP.Movement disorder society UPDRS revision task force. (2008). Movement disorder society-sponsored revision of the unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS): Scale presentation and clinimetric testing results. Movement Disorders, 23(15), 2129–2170. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22340
25.
HoehnM. M.YahrM. D. (1967). Parkinsonism: Onset, progression, and mortality. Neurology, 17(5), 427-442.
26.
JankovicJ. (2008). Parkinson’s disease: Clinical features and diagnosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 79(4), 368–376. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2007.131045
27.
JekaJ. J.LacknerJ. R. (1994). Fingertip contact influences human postural control. Experimental Brain Research, 100(3), 495–502. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02738408
LacknerJ. R.RabinE.DizioP. (2001). Stabilization of posture by precision touch of the index finger with rigid and flexible filaments. Experimental Brain Research, 139(4), 454–464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002210100775
MassionJ.Postural control systems in developmental perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1998, Jul; 22(4), 465–72. doi: 10.1016/s0149-7634(97)00031-6. PMID: 9595556.
33.
Mauerberg-deCastroE. (2004). Developing an “anchor” system to enhance postural control. Motor Control, 8(3), 339–358. https://doi.org/10.1123/mcj.8.3.339
34.
MoraesRBedoBLSSantosLOBatistelaRASantiagoPRPMauerberg‐deCastroE.Additional Haptic Information Provided by Anchors Reduces Postural Sway in Young Adults Less Than Does Light Touch. Front Neurosci. 2014, Jun 5; 12: 346. 10.3389/fnins.2018.00346. PMID: 29922122; PMCID: PMC5996117.
35.
Mauerberg-deCastroE.MoraesR.TavaresC. P.FigueiredoG. A.PachecoS.CostaT. (2014). Haptic anchoring and human postural control. Psychology & Neuroscience, 7(3), 301–318. http://doi.org/10.3922/j.psns.2014.045
36.
NaumannM.Magyar-LehmannS.ReinersK.ErbguthF.LeendersK. L. (2000, March). Sensory tricks in cervical dystonia: Perceptual dysbalance of parietal cortex modulates frontal motor programming. Annals of Neurology, 47(3), 322–328. https://doi.org/10.1002/1531-8249(200003)47:3<322::AID-ANA7>3.0.CO;2-E
37.
NurseM. A.HulligerM.WakelingJ. M.NiggB. M.StefanyshynD. J. (2005). Changing the texture of footwear can alter gait patterns. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 15(5), 496–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2004.12.003
38.
PalluelE.OlivierI.NougierV. (2009). The lasting effects of spike insoles on postural control in the elderly. Behavioral Neuroscience, 123(5), 1141–1147. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017115
39.
PiirtolaM.EraP. (2006). Force platform measurements as predictors of falls among older people—a review. Gerontology, 52(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1159/000089820
40.
PowellLEMyersAM. The activities-specific balance confidence (ABC) scale. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 1995;50A(1):M28–M34. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/50a.1.m28
41.
RileyM. A.StoffregenT. A.GrockiM. J.TurveyM. T. (1999). Postural stabilization for the control of touching. Human Movement Science, 18(6),795–817. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9457(99)00041-X
42.
Shumway-CookA.HorakF. B. (1986). Assessing the influence of sensory interaction of balance. Suggestion from the field. Physical Therapy, 66(10), 1548–1550. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/66.10.1548
43.
SimonD. K.TannerC. M.BrundinP. (2020, February). Parkinson disease epidemiology, pathology, genetics, and pathophysiology. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 36(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2019.08.002
44.
StennekenP.PrinzW.ColeJ.PaillardJ.AscherslebenG. (2006, April 21). The effect of sensory feedback on the timing of movements: Evidence from deafferented patients. Brain Research, 1084(1), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2006.02.057
45.
TerrensA. F.SohS. E.MorganP. E. (2018). The efficacy and feasibility of aquatic physiotherapy for people with Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 40(24), 2847–2856. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2017.1362710
VaillantJ.VuillermeN.JanveyA.LouisF.BraujouR.JuvinR.NougierV. (2008). Effect of manipulation of the feet and ankles on postural control in elderly adults. Brain Research Bulletin, 75(1), 18–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.07.009
49.
ZapparoliM.KleinF.MoreiraH. (2009). Avaliação da acuidade visual Snellen [Snellen visual acuity evaluation]. Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia, 72(6), 783–788. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-27492009000600008
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
