Introducing the Martial Arts Inventory: Quantifying Student Training Experiences for Quality Control and Evidence of Efficacy

Abstract

There is a need for a questionnaire that quantifies what students actually experience during martial arts (MA) training. Although no such measure exists, having one would allow researchers to identify the specific components of the MA training experience that may benefit participants’ health outcomes, and permit MA training organizations to implement control and consistency measures. In this article we report the development and psychometric properties of the Martial Arts Inventory (MAI). This study comprised three phases: (a) question development, (b) exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and (c) a correlational validity demonstration. We developed a 106 item questionnaire and then used exploratory factor analysis (n = 252) to extract eight distinct factors (meditative training, respectful discipline, positive training environment, streaming, training behaviour, heavy training, goal orientation, and physical challenge) that were represented by 48 items. We demonstrated convergent validity through positive correlations between this questionnaire and measures of both self-regulation and mindfulness. As a first of its kind instrument, the MAI has the preliminary psychometric basis to be used by researchers and clinicians for measuring the consistency of student experiences across MA schools, and for exploring the efficacy of MA training for various applications, including participant psychosocial health outcomes. Additionally, further refinement and validity testing of this tool will be needed.