Theory-Driven Versus Lexical Approaches to Value Structures

Abstract

In a recent article, De Raad and colleagues extended their lexical studies of the value vocabularies of single countries. They sought to attain both optimal coverage of the culturally unique values in three different countries and to find the structuring of the value domain that these countries share. The authors largely frame their lexical approach by contrast with the theory-driven approach of Schwartz. They point to presumed problems with the theory-driven approach that the lexical approach might overcome. I discuss and largely dismiss these problems. Moreover, I point to links between the authors’ findings and the Schwartz theory of possible universals in the content and structure of values. I also assess the authors’ success in reaching some of their own goals and suggest future steps that it would be worthwhile for them to undertake.