Carbon fibers composites performance strengthening through graft Carbon nanotubes is a research hotspot at present. Here, a method for rapidly and effectively dispersing and removing CNT aggregates during spraying the CNTs onto CFs surface by the three-stage channel is reported. The scanning electron microscopy image characterization results shows that the three-stage channel has a significant effect on the removal of CNTs aggregates, and the obtained p-CNTs has a good dispersion morphology. Under the same condition, p-CNTs@CFs/EP and CNTs@CFs/EP composites are prepared by the three-stage channel spraying and direct spraying method respectively. Compared with no treatment CFs composites (o@CFs/EP), the tensile, compressive and interlaminar shear strength and radial thermal conductivity (λ⊥) of the CNTs@CFs/EP are increased by 7%, 11%, 9% and 80% (2452.04 MPa, 1209.37 MPa, 89.30 MPa and 1.28 W/(m·K)), the p-CNTs@CFs/EP increased by 29%, 35%, 37% and 203% (2949.06 MPa, 1471.67 MPa, 112.37 MPa and 2.15 W/(m·K)), the CNTs@CFs/EP resistivity is 72.72 Ω·m, a 64% decrease, the p-CNTs@CFs/EP is 45.45 Ω·m, a decrease of 78%. This indicates that the CFs composites prepared by the three-stage channel spraying method has better performance than direct spraying and no treatment. This method provides a new idea for CFs composites performance strengthening.
QiuLZhengXHZhuJ, et al.The effect of grain size on the lattice thermal conductivity of an individual polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber. Carbon2013; 51: 265–273. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.08.052.
2.
SaylorRAHerseyMWestA, et al.In vivo hippocampal serotonin dynamics in male and female mice: determining effects of acute escitalopram using fast scan cyclic voltammetry. Front Neurosci2019; 13: 362. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00362.
3.
ShalabyHAHassanMMSafarSS. Parametric study of shear strength of CFRP strengthened end-web panels. Steel Compos. Struct2019; 31: 159–172. DOI: 10.12989/scs.2019.31.2.159.
4.
WangQFMaYLiangX, et al.Flexible supercapacitors based on carbon nanotube-MnO2 nanocomposite film electrode. Chem Eng J2019; 371: 145–153. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.04.021.
5.
JiangSLiQZhaoY, et al.Effect of surface silanization of carbon fiber on mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyurethane composites. Composites Science and Technology2015; 110: 87–94
6.
KruppkeISchefflerCSimonF, et al.Surface treatment of carbon fibers by oxy-fluorination. Materials2019; 12: 565. DOI: 10.3390/ma12040565.
7.
YuJMengLFanD, et al.The oxidation of carbon fibers through K2S2O8/AgNO3 system that preserves fiber tensile strength. Composites Part B: Engineering2014; 60: 261–267. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.12.037.
8.
YijunH. Effect of surface treatment on surface characteristics of carbon fibers and interfacial bonding of PMMA resin composites. Composite Interfaces2018; 26: 679–686. DOI: 10.1080/09276440.2018.1526593.
9.
SchaeferJDGuzmanMELimC-S, et al.Influence of functionalized carbon nanofibers on the single carbon fiber–epoxy matrix interface. Composites Part B: Engineering2013; 55: 41–47. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.05.051.
10.
QianXWangXOuyangQ, et al.Effect of ammonium-salt solutions on the surface properties of carbon fibers in electrochemical anodic oxidation. Applied Surface Science2012; 259: 238–244. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.07.025.
11.
WangCLiYTongL, et al.The role of grafting force and surface wettability in interfacial enhancement of carbon nanotube/carbon fiber hierarchical composites. Carbon2014; 69: 239–246. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.12.020.
12.
XuPLYuanQHJiWD, et al.Study on electrochemical properties of carbon submicron fibers loaded with cobalt-ferro alloy and compounds. Crystals2023; 13: 282. DOI: 10.3390/cryst13020282.
13.
ZhangLHuZHHuangJT, et al.Experimental and DFT studies of flower-like Ni-doped Mo2C on carbon fiber paper: a highly efficient and robust HER electrocatalyst modulated by Ni(NO3)(2) concentration. J Adv Ceram2022; 11: 1294–1306. DOI: 10.1007/s40145-022-0610-6.
14.
ZhangLHuangJTLiXB, et al.Ni(NO3)(2)-induced high electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of self-supported fold-like WC coating on carbon fiber paper prepared through molten salt method. Electrochim. Acta2022; 422: 9. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140553.
15.
JouniMDjuradoDMassardierV, et al.A representative and comprehensive review of the electrical and thermal properties of polymer composites with carbon nanotube and other nanoparticle fillers. Polym Int2017; 66: 1237–1251. DOI: 10.1002/pi.5378.
16.
DengSLLinZDXuBF, et al.Effects of carbon fillers on crystallization properties and thermal conductivity of poly(phenylene sulfide). Polym-Plast. Technol2015; 54: 1017–1024. DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2014.986802.
17.
KimKJKimJYuW-R, et al.Improved tensile strength of carbon fibers undergoing catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes on their surface. Carbon2013; 54: 258–267. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.11.037.
18.
LiYLiYDingY, et al.Tuning the interfacial property of hierarchical composites by changing the grafting density of carbon nanotube using 1,3-propodiamine. Composites Science and Technology2013; 85: 36–42. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.05.016.
19.
LeeGYoukJHLeeJ, et al.Low-temperature grafting of carbon nanotubes on carbon fibers using a bimetallic floating catalyst. Diamond and Related Materials2016; 68: 118–126. DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2016.06.012.
20.
LvPFengY-yZhangP, et al.Increasing the interfacial strength in carbon fiber/epoxy composites by controlling the orientation and length of carbon nanotubes grown on the fibers. Carbon2011; 49: 4665–4673. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.06.064.
21.
PengQLiYHeX, et al.Interfacial enhancement of carbon fiber composites by poly (amido amine) functionalization. Composites Science and Technology2013; 74: 37–42. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2012.10.005.
22.
ZhaoFHuangYLiuL, et al.Formation of a carbon fiber/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane/carbon nanotube hybrid reinforcement and its effect on the interfacial properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites. Carbon2011; 49: 2624–2632. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.02.026.
23.
DongYYuTWangX-j, et al.Improved interfacial shear strength in polyphenylene sulfide/carbon fiber composites via the carboxylic polyphenylene sulfide sizing agent. Composites Science and Technology2020; 190: 108056. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108056.
24.
LiSLZhangCQFuJF, et al.Interfacial modification of carbon fiber by carbon nanotube gas-phase dispersion. Compos Sci Technol2020; 195: 108196. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108196.
25.
LiSLHeYJingCW, et al.A novel preparation and formation mechanism of carbon nanotubes aerogel. Carbon Lett2018; 28: 16–23. DOI: 10.5714/cl.2018.28.016.
26.
LiSLZhangCQHeY, et al.Multi-interpolation mixing effects under the action of micro-scale free arc. J Mater Process Technol2019; 271: 645–650. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.04.040.
27.
MuellerFBresserDPaillardE, et al.Influence of the carbonaceous conductive network on the electrochemical performance of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. J Power Sources2013; 236: 87–94. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.02.051.
28.
PanYZengWJLiL, et al.Surfactant assisted, one-step synthesis of Fe3O4 nanospheres and further modified Fe3O4/C with excellent lithium storage performance. J. Electroanal. Chem2018; 810: 248–254. DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.01.025.
29.
BelinTEpronF. Characterization methods of carbon nanotubes: a review. Materials Science and Engineering: B2005; 119: 105–118. DOI: 10.1016/j.mseb.2005.02.046.
30.
GojnyFHWichmannMHGFiedlerB, et al.Influence of nano-modification on the mechanical and electrical properties of conventional fibre-reinforced composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing2005; 36: 1525–1535. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.02.007.
31.
XuYRayGAbdel-MagidB. Thermal behavior of single-walled carbon nanotube polymer–matrix composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing2006; 37: 114–121. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.04.009.
32.
RuanKPZhongXShiXT, et al.Liquid crystal epoxy resins with high intrinsic thermal conductivities and their composites: a mini-review. Mater Today Phys2021; 20: 100456. DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2021.100456.
33.
BilyMAKwonYWPollakRD. Study of composite interface fracture and crack growth monitoring using carbon nanotubes. Appl. Compos. Mater2010; 17: 347–362. DOI: 10.1007/s10443-009-9124-4.
34.
HaghgooMAnsariRHassanzadeh-AghdamMK. Prediction of electrical conductivity of carbon fiber-carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer hybrid composites. Compos. Part B-Eng2019; 167: 728–735. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.03.046.
35.
SharmaSPLakkadSC. Effect of CNTs growth on carbon fibers on the tensile strength of CNTs grown carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing2011; 42: 8–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.09.008.
36.
FengAJiaZYuQ, et al.Preparation and characterization of carbon nanotubes/carbon fiber/phenolic composites on mechanical and thermal conductivity properties. Nano2018; 13: 1850037. DOI: 10.1142/s1793292018500376.
37.
ShinYCNovinEKimH. Electrical and thermal conductivities of carbon fiber composites with high concentrations of carbon nanotubes. Int J Precis Eng Manuf2015; 16: 465–470. DOI: 10.1007/s12541-015-0063-8.
38.
MeiHZhangSChenH, et al.Interfacial modification and enhancement of toughening mechanisms in epoxy composites with CNTs grafted on carbon fibers. Composites Science and Technology2016; 134: 89–95. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.08.010.
39.
ZhaoZTengKLiN, et al.Mechanical, thermal and interfacial performances of carbon fiber reinforced composites flavored by carbon nanotube in matrix/interface. Composite Structures2017; 159: 761–772. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.10.022.
40.
BekyarovaEThostensonETYuA, et al.Multiscale carbon nanotube-carbon fiber reinforcement for advanced epoxy composites. Langmuir2007; 23: 3970–3974.
41.
DavisDCWilkersonJWZhuJ, et al.A strategy for improving mechanical properties of a fiber reinforced epoxy composite using functionalized carbon nanotubes. Composites Science and Technology2011; 71: 1089–1097. DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.03.014.
42.
LiMGuYLiuY, et al.Interfacial improvement of carbon fiber/epoxy composites using a simple process for depositing commercially functionalized carbon nanotubes on the fibers. Carbon2013; 52: 109–121. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.09.011.
43.
ZhangRLWangCGLiuL, et al.Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes/carbon nanotube/carbon fiber multiscale composite: influence of a novel hierarchical reinforcement on the interfacial properties. Applied Surface Science2015; 353: 224–231. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.06.156.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
